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SEO Interview Questions and Answers

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SEO Interview Questions and Answers

A list of frequently asked SEO interview questions and answers is given below.1) How can you define SEO?SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization. It is a process of increasing the number of visitors to a website. It enhances the visibility of a web page and increases the quantity and quality of traffic to a website so that it could appear at the top of search engine result pages.It optimizes the websites for search engines and thus helps it achieve higher ranking in search engine result pages when users use keywords related to their products or services. Therefore, it improves the quality as well as the quantity of traffic to a website through organic search engine results. Some of the basic activities involved in an SEO process are as follows:2) Who does SEO?They are called SEO executives, Webmasters, Websites optimizers, Digital marketing experts, etc.Play VideoxSEO executive: He is responsible for increasing the number of visitors or traffic to a website using various SEO tools and strategies.SEO/SMO analyst: He is responsible for planning and implementing SEO and social media strategies for the clients. He is supposed to quickly understand and support initiatives to achieve the objectives and goals of the client campaigns.Webmaster: He is responsible for maintaining one or more websites. He ensures that the web servers, software, and hardware are working smoothly.Digital Marketing Expert: He is responsible for planning and executing digital marketing programs to promote the brand or increase the sales of the products and services of the clients.3) What are the basic tools required for SEO?Google webmaster tools, Google Analytics, Open site explorer, Alexa, Website grader are some of the free and basic tools which are commonly used for SEO. However, there are also many paid tools like Seo Moz, spydermate, bulkdachecker, readily available in the market.Google webmaster tools: It is one of the most useful SEO tools. It is designed for the webmasters. It helps webmasters communicate with Google and evaluate and maintain their website's performance in search engine results. Using webmaster, one can identify the issues related to a website such as crawling errors, malware issues, etc. It is a free service offered by Google, anyone who has a site can use it.Google analytics: It is a free Web analytics service offered by Google. It is designed to provide analytical and statistical tools for SEO and digital marketing. It enables you to analyze website traffic and other activities that take place on your website. Anyone who has a Google account can use this service.Open site explorer: It is a Mozscape index-powered workhorse which is designed to research backlinks, find link-building opportunities and find out links that may impact rank badly.Alexa: It is a global ranking system that compiles a list of most popular websites based on the web traffic data and accordingly provides Alexa Rank to a website. The lower the Alexa rank, the more popular a website, e.g., a site with rank 150 will have more visitors than a site with rank 160.Website grader: It is a free online tool designed to grade a website against some critical metrics like performance, SEO, security and mobile readiness.Some Paid SEO Tools:SEOMoz: It is a premium SEO web application designed for SEO. It provides analytics and insights to improve your search engine rankings. It is a collection of various SEO tools that cover all vital areas of SEO.Spyder Mate: This software allows you to improve the ranking of your website as well as offers various methods to promote a website. It enables you to manage your web portal to attract more and more traffic to your site.Bulkdachecker: It is used to check the Domain Authority of Multiple Websites simultaneously.4) Define ON page and Off page SEO?On page SEO: It means to optimize your website and make some changes in the title, meta tags, structure, robots.txt, etc. It involves optimizing individual web pages and thus improves the ranking and attracts more relevant traffic to your site. It this type of SEO, one can optimize both the content and the HTML source code of a page.Main aspects of On page SEO are:Page Title: It should be relevant, unique and should include your main keywords.Meta Descriptions: There should be a Meta description for each webpage, and it must contain relevant keywords for your content.Meta Tags: You can add a set of keywords as Meta tags for each of your page.URL Structure: You can include search engine friendly URLs for your webpage as it improves crawling. In SEO, shorter URLs containing targeted keywords usually perform better.Body Tags (H1, H2, H3, H4, etc.): You can use body tags to break up your content into paragraphs to make it easier to read.Keyword Density: You should include relevant keywords in your content but avoid excessively repeating or overusing keywords.Image: You can use relevant images within your content to make your page visually more appealing and thus can improve the SEO of your site.Internal Linking: You can place links to your other web pages to enhance your website. It enhances navigation and crawling.Off page SEO: It means optimizing your websites through backlinks, social media promotion, blog submission, press releases submission, etc.Main aspects of Off page SEO are:Social Networking Sites: There are many social networking sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc., where you can create your business page and perform similar tasks to improve the SEO of your site.Blogging: You can write a blog for your website, product or service and submit it to niche blog directories, and blog search engines.Forum Marketing: You can find online forums related to your site and interact with them by replying to threads, answering questions, offering advice and more.Social Bookmarking: You can submit your blog posts and pages to the relevant and popular bookmarking sites like Digg, Delicious, Reddit, etc.Link building: You can build external links to your site to bypass your competitors and improve your rank.Press Release Submission: You can distribute your press release across various media to get authority backlinks and convey information to the public. It can bring your site on the first page for your keywords.5) What is the difference between On Page SEO and Off Page SEO?In On Page SEO, optimization is done on the website that involves making changes in the title tag, meta tags, site structure, site content, solving canonicalization problem, managing robots.txt, etc. Whereas, in off page SEO, the primary focus is on building backlinks and social media promotion.On page SEO techniques:It mainly involves optimizing the page elements such as:Page TitlePage descriptionCanonical URLOpen Graph TagsPage Headers and Sub-HeadersParagraph TextAlt Image TagsInternal and External LinksOff page SEO techniques:It mainly focuses on the following methods:Link BuildingBloggingSocial MediaPress Release Submission6) Tell the names of some Off page SEO techniques?There are several Off page SEO techniques such as:Directory Submission: You can submit your site to a particular category of a web directory, e.g., if you are offering online tutorials, you should submit your site to the education category of a web directory. It will help you build more backlinks.Social Bookmarking: It enables you to store your links on bookmarking sites. These links serve as backlinks and thus helps improve the SEO of your website.RSS (Really Simple Syndication) Submission: It allows you to submit RSS feeds to RSS submission directory sites to improve SEO of your site.Article Posting: It enables you to submit articles to popular article submission directories. It gives you backlinks and improves the page-rank of your website or blog. You are required to submit articles in relevant categories for better results.Blog Posting: It allows you to post blogs and thus you can offer fresh content to your users on a regular basis. Blogs help convert prospects into actual customers.Press Release Submission: You can write a press release about new events, products, and services of your company and submit it to PR sites.Forum Posting: It enables you to build quality inbound links by participating in online discussion forums.7) What is Google?It is an American multinational company which specializes in Internet-based products and services. Its services include a search engine, online advertising, cloud computing, software and more.8) Who invented the Google?It is co-founded in 1998 by Larry Page, an American computer scientist and internet entrepreneur, and Sergey Brin who is also an American computer scientist and internet entrepreneur.9) What do you understand by a search engine?A search engine is a web-based software program that is developed to search and find information on the World Wide Web. It enables internet users to search the information via the World Wide Web (WWW). The user is required to enter keywords or phrases into the search engines and then search engine searches websites, web pages or documents containing the similar keywords and presents a list of web pages with same keywords in the search engine result pages.We can say that it generally answers the queries entered by the users in the form of a list of search results. So, it is a web-based tool that enables us to find information on the World Wide Web. Some of the popular search engines are Google, Bing, and Yahoo.10) What is a SERP (Search Engine Result Page)?A search engine result page is the list of results for a user's search query and is displayed by the search engine. It is displayed in a browser window when the users enter their search queries in the search field on a search engine page.The list of results generally contains a list of links to web pages that are ranked from the most popular to the least popular. Furthermore, the links also contain the title and a short description of their web pages. Furthermore, SERP not only provides the list of search results, but it may also include advertisements.11) How does a search engine work?To understand, how a search engine works, we can divide the work of search engines into three different stages: crawling, indexing, and retrieval.Crawling: It is performed by software robots called web spiders or web crawlers. Each search engine has its web spiders to perform crawling. In this step, the spiders visit websites or web pages and read them and follow the links to other web pages of the site. Thus by crawling, they can find out what is published on the World Wide Web. Once the crawler visits a page, it makes a copy of that page and adds its URL to the index.The web spider generally starts crawling with heavily used servers and popular web pages. It follows the route determined by the link structure and finds new interconnected documents through new links. It also revisits the previous sites to check for the changes or updates in the web pages. If changes are found, it makes a copy of the changes to update the index.Indexing: It involves building an index after crawling all websites or web pages found on the World Wide Web. An index of the crawled sites is made based on the type and quality of information provided by them and stored in huge storage facilities. It is like a book that contains a copy of each webpage crawled by the spider. Thus, it collects and organizes the information from all over the internet.Retrieval: In this step, the search engine responds to the search queries made by the users by providing a list of websites with relevant answers or information in a particular order. It keeps the relevant websites, which offer unique and original information, on the top of the search engine result pages. So, whenever, a user performs an online search, the search engine searches its database for the websites or web pages with relevant information and make a list of these sites based on their relevancy and present this list to the users on the search engine result pages.12) What is the usage of an anchor tag in SEO?The anchor tag is used to make click-able text written on a hyperlink, i.e., it is a clickable text in a hyperlink. It enhances the user experience as it takes the users directly to a specific area of a webpage. They are not required to scroll down the information to find a particular section. So, it is a way to improve navigation.It also enables webmasters to keep things in order as there is no need of creating different web pages or splitting up a document. Google also sends users to a specific part of your page using this tag. You can attach anchor tag to a word or a phrase. It takes the reader down to a different section of the page instead of another page. When you use this tag, you create a unique URL on the same page.13) What are some techniques of Black Hat SEO?Keyword Stuffing: The search engines study the keywords included in a webpage to index the webpage or a site. So, some people increase the keyword density in their web pages to get a higher ranking. Keywords should be 2 to 4 % of the total world count, increasing keyword density beyond this is known as black hat SEO as it is against the SEO guidelines of Google.Cloaking: In this technique, the web pages are coded are in such a way that visitors see different content in a webpage and search engines see different content on the same webpage. Increasing ranking in this way is also against the guidelines of search engine.Doorway pages: These pages are rich in keywords and do not have quality content and relevant information. They redirect users to a different page to increase the ranking of that page. It is also against the guidelines of Google.Hidden Text: It is the text that can be viewed by the search engine, but visitors cannot view. It is used to include irrelevant keywords and hide text or links to increase the keyword density and improve the internal link structure.Article Spinning: It refers to rewriting an article multiple times to produce its different copies in such a way that each copy looks different from other copies and is treated as a new article.Duplicate Content: It is the content that is copied from one site and uploaded to another site. It is known as plagiarism.14) Which type of website is good for SEO purpose?A website made on flash. orA website made on HTML 5.The content presented in a flash website is hard to parse by search engines, so, it is always preferred to build a website in HTML for better SEO prospective.15) Which are the most important areas to include your keyword for the SEO purpose?Page title, H1, Body text or content, Meta title, Meta description, Anchor links and Image Alt Tags are some of the most important areas where we can include our keywords for the SEO purpose.16) What is webmaster tool in SEO?A webmaster is a free service by Google which provides free Indexing data, backlinks information, crawl errors, search queries, CTR, website malware errors and submits the XML sitemap. It is a collection of SEO tools that allow you to control your site in Google as well as allows Google to communicate with webmasters. For example, if anything goes wrong like crawling mistakes, plenty of 404 pages, manual penalties, and malware identified, Google will speak to you through this tool. If you use GWT, you don't need to use some other costlier tools. So, it is a free toolset that helps you understand what is going on with your site by providing useful information about your site.17) What do you mean by Spider?Many search engines use programs called spiders to index websites. The spiders are also known as crawlers or robots. They act as automatic date searching tools that visit every site to find new or updated web pages and links. This process is called web crawling. Spiders follow hyperlinks and gather textual and meta information for the search engine databases. They collect as much information as they can before relaying to the server of the search engine.Spiders may also rate the content being indexed to help the search engine determine relevancy levels to a search. They are called spiders as they visit many sites simultaneously, i.e. their legs keep spanning a large area of the web. All search engines use spiders to revise and build their indexes.18) What are Meta Tags?Meta tags are the HTML tags that are used to provide information about the content of a webpage. They are the basic elements of SEO. Meta tags are incorporated in the "head" section of HTML, e.g. Meta tags are placed here.The Meta tags are of three types. Each tag provides specific information about the content of the page. For example:Title Tag: It is the most important of all the Meta tags. It tells search engines about the title your webpage, and it is displayed in search engine listings above the URL of your webpage or website. For example: Title textDescription Meta tag: The summary of your site or webpage is incorporated in this tag. It enables the search engine to display a brief description of your page in the SERPs. Through this tag, you tell users what your site is all about and what you are offering. For example: Keywords Meta tag: In this tag, you place all of your main keywords and phrases that describe the content of your webpage. For example: 19) Why is the title tag valuable?A title tag is an HTML element that is used to specify the title of a page. It is displayed on search engine result pages as a clickable heading just above the URL and at the top of the browser.In SEO, the title tag is significant. It is highly recommended to include a unique and relevant title that correctly describes the content of a webpage or a website. Thus, it tells the users and search engines about the nature or type of information contained in your webpage.An ideal title should be between 50 and 60 characters long. You can also place your primary keywords at the start of your title and put the least important keywords at the end. It is the first thing that a search engine analyzes before ranking your webpage.20) Does Google use the keyword meta tags?No, Google does not use the keyword meta tags in web search rankings. It is believed that Google ignores the meta tags keywords due to their misuse.21) What is cloaking?Cloaking is a black hat SEO technique that enables you to create two different pages. One page is designed for the users, and the other is created for the search engine crawlers. It is used to present different information to the user than what is presented to the crawlers. Cloaking is against the guidelines of Google, as it provides users with different information than they expected. So, it should not be used to improve the SEO of your site.Some Examples of Cloaking:Presenting a page of HTML text to search engines and showing a page of images or flash to visitorsIncluding text or keywords into a page only when it is requested by the search engine, not by a human visitor22) Is HTML case-sensitive or case-insensitive?HTML is a case-insensitive language because uppercase or lowercase does not matter in this language and you can write your code in any case. However, HTML coding is generally written in lower case.23) What is the difference between SEO and SEM?SEO: It is a process of increasing the online visibility, organic (free) traffic or visitors to a website. It is all about optimizing your website to achieve higher rankings in the search result pages. It is a part of SEM, and it gives you only the organic traffic.Two types:On-Page SEO: It deals with the optimization of a website for maximum visibility in the search engines.Off-Page SEO: It deals with gaining natural backlinks from other websites.SEM: It stands for search engine marketing. It involves purchasing space on the search engine result page. It goes beyond SEO and involves various methods that can get you more traffic like PPC advertising. It is a part of your overall internet marketing strategy. The traffic generated through SEM is considered the most important as it is targeted.SEM includes both SEO and paid search. It generally makes use of paid searches such as pay per click (PPC) listings and advertisements. Search ad networks generally follow pay-per-click (PPC) payment structure. It means you only pay when a visitor clicks on your advertisement.24) What are the tools used in SEO?Google webmaster tools: Google webmaster tool is a free SEO tool offered by Google. It is a set of SEO tools that allow you to control your website. It informs you if anything goes wrong with your website like crawling mistakes, plenty of 404 pages, malware issues, manual penalties, etc. In other words, Google communicates with webmasters through this tool. You also do not need to use most of the expensive SEO tools if you are using this tool.Google Analytics: It is a freemium web analytics service offered by Google. It provides the detailed statistics of the website traffic. It was introduced in November 2005 to track and report website traffic. It is a set of statistics and analytical tools that monitor the performance of your site. It tells you about your visitors and their activities, dwell-time metrics, search terms or incoming keywords and more.Open site explorer: This tool provides stats such as overall link counts and the count of domains that are linked to a URL including the anchor text distribution.Alexa: It is a ranking system that ranks the websites by web traffic data. The lower the Alexa rank, the more will be the traffic.Website grader: It is a free SEO tool that grades the websites on some key metrics such as security, mobile readiness, performance, and SEO.Google Keyword Planner: This tool of Google comes with many features. It gives you an estimation of traffic for your target keywords and suggests keywords with high traffic. Thus, you can shortlist the relevant keywords from the list of keywords offered by this tool.Plagiarism Checker: There are various tools to check the plagiarized content such as smallseotools.com, plagiarisma.net and more. Using these tools, you can avoid duplicate content and upload the unique or original content on your site.25) What are the limitations of the title and description tags?The title tag should be between 66-70 characters as the Google generally displays the first 50to 60 characters of the title tag. So, if your title is under 60 characters, there are more chances that your title is displayed properly. Similarly, the Meta description tag should be between 160-170 characters as the search engines tend to truncate descriptions longer than 160 characters.26) What methods should you use to decrease the loading time of a website?We should follow the following instructions to decrease the loading time of a website:Optimize images: You can optimize images and decrease the file size without affecting the quality of that image. You can use the external picture tools to resize your images such as the Photoshop, picresize.com and more. Furthermore, use fewer images (avoid them unless necessary).Use browser caching: Caching involves temporary storages of web pages that helps reduce bandwidth and improve performance. When a visitor visits your site, the cached version is presented that saves the server's time and loads pages faster. So, use browser caching to make the process easier and faster for your repeat visitors.Use content delivery network: It allows you to distribute your site across several servers in different geographical areas. When visitors request to visit your site, they will get the data from the server closest to them. The closer a server, the more quickly it loads.Avoid self-hosted videos: Video files are usually large, so if you upload them to your web pages it can increase their loading time. You can use other video services like Youtube, Vimeo, etc.Use CSS sprites to reduce HTTP request: It allows you to combine some images within a single image file by implementing CSS positioning of background. It helps you to save your server bandwidth and thus loading time of the webpage decreases gradually.27) Which tool should be preferred between Webmaster and Analytics?Webmaster tool should be preferred over Analytics tool because it includes almost all essential tools as well as some analytics data for the search engine optimization. But now due to the inclusion of webmaster data in Analytics, we would like to have access to Analytics.28) What is the main usage of search engine spiders?A spider is a program used by search engines to index websites. It is also called a crawler or search engine robot. The main usage of search engine spiders is to index sites. It visits the websites and read their pages and creates entries for the search engine index. They act as data searching tools that visit websites to find new or updated content or pages and links.Spiders do not monitor sites for unethical activities. They are called spiders as they visit many sites simultaneously, i.e., they keep spanning a large area of the web. All search engines use spiders to build and update their indexes.29) When is reinclusion applied in a search engine's index?If your website is banned by the search engines for using black hat practices and you have corrected the wrongdoings, you can apply for reinclusion. So, it is a process in which you ask the search engine to re-index your site that was penalized for using black hat SEO techniques. Google, Yahoo, and other search engines offer tools where webmasters can submit their site for reinclusion.30) What is robot.txt?Robots.txt is a text file that gives instructions to the search engine crawlers about the indexing of a webpage, domain, directory or a file of a website. It is generally used to tell spiders about the pages that you don't want to be crawled. It is not mandatory for search engines, yet search engine spiders follow the instructions of the robots.txt.The location of this file is very significant. It must be located in the main directory otherwise the spiders will not be able to find it as they do not search the whole site for a file named robots.txt. They only check the main directory for these files, and if they don't find the files in the main directory, they assume that the site does not have any robots.txt file and index the whole site.31) What is keyword proximity?Keyword proximity refers to the distance between the keywords, i.e., it tells how close keywords are to each other in a phrase or body of text. It is used to measure the distance between two keywords in the text. It is used by some search engines to measure the relevancy of a given page to the search request. It specifies that the closer the two keywords in a phrase or a search term, the more relevant will be the phrase. For example, see the keywords "Delhi Digital Photographer" in the search term "Delhi Photographer Ram Kumar specialized in digital photography." The proximity between Delhi and Photographer is excellent, but between the "Photographer" and "digital" proximity is not good as there are four words between them. So, a search term's keywords should be as close to each other as possible.32) What is an URL?URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator (URL). It is the web address of an online resource like a website, webpage or a document on the internet. It tells the location and name of the resource as well as the protocol used to access it, i.e., it locates an existing resource on the internet. A URL may contain as many as six parts, and cannot have less than two parts. For example, http://www.example.com, in this URL we have two parts: a protocol (http) and a domain (www.example.com).A URL for HTTP or HTTPS generally comprises three or four components, such as:Protocol: It is used to access the resource on the internet. It can be HTTP, without SSL or HTTPS with SSL. It is connected to the domain name, and the domain name is further connected to the file path.Domain name: It is a unique name that identifies a website on the internet. For example, "javatpoint.com". It always includes a top-level domain (TLD) which is ".com" in this example.Port: It is a port number, which is usually not visible in a URL, but it is always required. When visible, it comes after the TLD, separated by a colon.Path: It is a file or directory on the web server, e.g. "/seo-interview-question" in the URL https://www.javatpoint.com/seo-interview-questionsis a path.33) How are the words in a URL separated?We use hyphens to separates the words in a URL. See the image:34) What is a domain name?A domain name is the name of your website. It identifies one or more IP addresses, e.g., the IP address of domain name "google.com" is "74.125.127.147". Domain names are developed as it is easy to remember a name rather than a long string of numbers.A domain is displayed on the address bar of the web browser and may consist of any combination of letters and numbers and can be used with various domain name extensions such as .com, .net and more. Domain name is always unique, i.e., no two websites can have the same domain name.35) What is a TLD?A TLD is the last part of an Internet address. For example, in xyz.com the TLD is .com.36) What is ccTLD?A ccTLD is a country code top-level domain extension that is assigned to a country. It is based on the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes, which means it can have only two characters, e.g., .us for the United States, .au for Australia, .in for India. So these domain extensions are reserved for countries. See the image given below:37) What is an internal link?An internal link is a URL link placed on your website that points to your another webpage. It is different from an external link which leads to another website. Internal links are very useful regarding SEO as they:Provide site structure: The internal links of a website helps search engines to crawl and index your website. Search engine crawlers or robots use internal links to evaluate your website and are better informed while ranking your website on search engine result pages.Enhance user experience: The internal links in product pages, blog posts, contact us forms, etc., enhance users' website experience. Furthermore, these links can be used to take prospects to your core pages to convert them into customers.Minimize bounce rate: The internal links keeps visitors on your website for longer and thus helps reduce bounce rate and increases the likelihood of them buying your products or services.38) Why are backlinks important?The backlinks are an indication of the popularity of a website. They are important for SEO as most of the search engines like Google give more value to websites that have a large number of quality backlinks, i.e., a site with more backlinks is considered more relevant than a site with fewer backlinks.The backlinks should be relevant which means they should come from the sites that have content related to your site or pages otherwise the links if they are coming from sites that have different content, will be treated as irrelevant backlinks by the Search Engine. For example, there is a website about how to rescue orphaned dogs, and it receives a backlink from a website about dog care essentials then this would be a relevant backlink in a search engine assessment than a like from site about automobiles.39) What is the difference between an inbound link and an outbound link in SEO?An inbound link, which is also known as a backlink, is the incoming link to your site from an external source. It comes from an external site to your site. Whereas, outbound link is a link that starts from your site and points to another website. For example, if xyz.com links to your domain, this link from xyz.com is an inbound or backlink for your domain. However, it is an outbound link for xyz.com. See the image given below:40) What is link popularity?Link popularity refers to the number of backlinks that point towards a website. The backlinks can be of two types: internal and external links. The links to a website from its pages are called internal links and the links from outside sources or other websites are called external links.The high link popularity indicates that more people are connected to your site, and it has relevant information. Most of the search engines use link popularity in its algorithm while ranking websites in the SERPs. For example, if two websites have the same level of SEO, the site with higher link popularity will be higher than another site by the search engine.41) What are contextual backlinks?Contextual backlinks are the links to external websites that are placed within the content of a web page, i.e., they are part of the content of a page. They are generally built from high authority web pages. These links can be used to build your keyword ranking higher in Search Engines and to increase the domain trust online. See the image:42) What do you understand by crawling?Crawling refers to an automated process that enables search engines to visit web pages and gather URLs for indexing. When the crawler visits a page, it makes a copy of that page and adds its URL to the index which is called indexing. The search engines have software robots, which are known as web spiders or web crawlers, for crawling.The crawler not only reads the pages but also follows the internal and external links. Thus, they can find out what is published on the World Wide Web. The crawlers also revisit the previous sites to check for the changes or updates in their web pages. If changes are found, it updates the index accordingly.43) What is indexing?Indexing starts after crawling. It is a process of building an index by adding URLs of web pages crawled by the crawlers. An index is a place where all the data that has been crawled is stored, i.e., it is like a huge book with a copy of each page that is crawled. Whenever users enter search queries, it is the index that provides the results for search queries within seconds. Without an index, it won't be possible for a search engine to render search results so fast.So, the index is made of URLs of different web pages visited by the crawler. The information contained in the web pages is provided by the search engines to users for their queries. If a page is not added to the index, it can't be viewed by the users.44) What is the World Wide Web?The World Wide Web is a like a huge book whose pages are located on multiple servers present throughout the world. These web pages contain information and are connected by links called "hypertext." In a book, we move from one page to another in a sequence, but in World Wide Web, we have to follow hypertext links to visit the desired page.So, it is a network of internet servers containing information in the form of web pages, audios, videos, etc. These web pages are formatted in HTML and accessed via HTTP.World Wide Web was designed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991. It is different from the internet which is a network connection used to access the World Wide Web.45) What is a website or what do you understand by a website?A website is a collection of interlinked web pages or formatted documents that share a single domain and can be accessed over the internet. It may contain only one page or tens of thousands of pages and can be created by an individual, group, or an organization, etc. It is identified by a domain name or web address. For example, when you type the web address over the internet, you will arrive at the home page of that website.46) What is a web page?A web page is what you see on the screen of a computer or mobile when you type a web address or click on a link or enter a query in a search engine like Google, Bing, etc. A web page typically contains information that may include text, graphics, images, animation, sound, video, etc. See the image given below:47) What is a web server?It is a computer program that is designed to serve or deliver the web pages to users in response to their queries or requests made by their computers or HTTP clients. In other words, it hosts websites on the internet. It uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve pages to computers that are connected to it. See the image given below for more clarification!48) What is Web Hosting?A service that provides space for websites or web pages on special computers called servers. A web hosting enables sites or web pages to be viewed on the internet by the internet users. When users type the website address (domain name) into their browser, their computers connect to the server, and your web pages are delivered to them through a browser.The websites are stored and hosted on special computers called servers. So, if you want users to see your website, you are required to publish it with a web hosting service. It is generally measured in terms of disc space you are allotted on the server and the bandwidth you require for accessing the server. While choosing a web hosting services one should evaluate the reliability and customer service of the service provider.49) What are organic results?Organic results refer to the listings of web pages on the SERPs that appear because of organic SEO such as relevance to the search term or keywords and free white hat SEO techniques. They are also known as free or natural results. The search engine marketing (SEM) is not involved in producing organic results. So, organic results are the natural way of getting top ranking in SERP. The main purpose of SEO is to get a higher ranking for a web page in organic results of the search engines.50) What are the paid results?Paid search results are the sponsored ads or links that appear on the SERPs. They are part of Search Engine Marketing in which you have to pay to place your websites or ads on the top of the result pages. The website owners who have a good budget and want results quickly generally pay to Google to display their websites on the top of the result pages for the specific search terms or keywords.51) What is a Canonical URL or Tag?Canonical URL, which is also known as a canonical tag, is an HTML element that is used to prevent duplicate content issues. This tag is used when multiple versions of the same page are available over the internet.It enables you to select the best URL as a canonical URL out of the several URLs of the multiple copies of a webpage. When you mark one version or copy as canonical version, the other versions are considered the variations of the canonical or original version by the search engine. Thus, it is used to resolve content duplication issues.In this image, we have marked the URL of the page "www.example.com/toys/cars/yellow "as canonical URL. So, Google will consider it the original page and the other two pages as its variations, not the duplicates.52) What is Meta description?Meta descriptions, which are also known as HTML attributes, provide brief information about the content of a web page. They act as preview snippets of the web pages and appear under the URL of your page in SERPs.A relevant and compelling meta description brings users from search engine result pages to your website, and thus it also improves the click-through rate (CTR) for your webpage.53) Tell the names of most important Google ranking factors?Quality ContentQuality BacklinksMobile Friendliness or OptimizationPage SpeedPageRank54) How does the Google ranking works?Google has many factors in its algorithm to rank the websites in SERPs. Using its algorithm, it finds the relevant results for the users' queries.Google keeps updating its ranking factors to give users the best experience and to put a check on black hat SEO techniques. So, Google displays results on the basis of ranking factors such as content, backlinks and mobile optimization.55) What is a Sitemap?A sitemap refers to the map of a website. It is the detailed structure of a site that includes different sections of your site with internal links.56) What is an HTML sitemap?An HTML sitemap is an HTML page that contains all the links of all the web pages of a website, i.e., it contains all formatted text files and linking tags of a website. It outlines the first and second level structure of a site so that users can easily find information on the site.Thus, it improves the navigation of websites with multiple web pages by listing all the web pages in one place in a user-friendly manner. The HTML sitemaps provide a strong foundation for all the web pages of a website and are primarily concerned with users.57) What is an XML sitemap?An XML sitemap is exclusively designed for the search engines. It facilitates the functionality of the search engines as it informs the search engines about the number of web pages, the frequency of their updates including the recent updates. This information helps search engine robots in indexing the website. See the image of the sitemap of a website:58) What do you mean by 301redirect?301 redirecting is a method of redirecting users and search engines from the old page URL to a new page URL. The 301 redirect is used to pass the link traffic from the old URL to the new URL. It is a permanent redirect from one URL to another site without typing the URL of the new site. It helps you maintain the domain authority and search rankings when the URL of a site is changed for any reason.Furthermore, it allows you to associate common web conventions with one URL to improve the domain authority; to rename or rebrand a site with a new URL; to direct traffic to a new website from other URLs of the same organization. So, you must set up a 301 redirect before moving to a new domain.59) What is a 404 error?A 404 error is an HTTP response status code which indicates that the requested page could not be found on the server. This error is generally displayed in the internet browser window just like web pages.60) What are the causes of HTTP 404 errors?HTTP 404 error is technically a client-side error which means it is your mistake, i.e., the requested page is not present in your website. If you had maintained that page in your site, it would have been indexed by the crawler and thus would have been present in the server. Furthermore, you also receive this error, when you mistype a URL or when a webpage or resource is moved without redirecting the old URL to the new one. So, whenever you move your webpage redirect the old URL to the new URL to avoid this error as it may affect the SEO of your site.61) What is error 503?The "503 Service Unavailable" error is an HTTP status code which indicates the server is not available right now to handle the request. It often occurs when the server is too busy or when maintenance is performed on it. Generally, it is a temporary state which is resolved shortly.62) What is the "500 internal server error"?The "500 internal server error" is a common error. It is an HTTP status code that indicates something is wrong with the websites' server, and the server is not able to identify the problem. This error is not specific as it can occur for different reasons. It is a server-side error which means the problem is with the website's server, not with your PC, browser or Internet connection.63) What is an Image Alt Text?Image Alt text is a feature which is added to an image tag in HTML. It appears in the blank image box when the image is not displayed due to slow connection, broken URL or any other reason.It provides information about the image to the search engines as they cannot see or interpret images. Thus, it enables you to optimize images or improve the SEO of your site.64) What is Google Analytics?Google analytics is a freemium web analytics service of Google that provides you the detailed statistics of the website traffic. It was introduced in November 2005 to track and report the website traffic. It offers you free tools to understand and analyze your customers and business in one place.It mainly comprises statistics and basic analytical tools capable of monitoring the performance of your site. It tells you various important things about your website like your visitors, their activity, dwell time metrics, incoming keywords or search-terms, etc.Thus, it helps you take the necessary steps to improve the SEO of your site and online marketing strategies. Anyone with a Google account can use this tool.The reports generated by Google analytics can be divided into four different types of analysis which are as follows;Audience AnalysisAcquisition AnalysisBehavior AnalysisConversion AnalysisAudience Analysis: It gives you an overview of your visitors. Some of the key benefits of this analysis are as follows;It tells you the age, race, gender of your visitors.You can find the location and language of visitors.You can identify the new visitors and returning visitors.You can identify browsers, operating system and the network of visitors.You can see Visitors' activity; the path they follow on your website.Acquisition Analysis: It helps you to identify the sources from where your website traffic comes. Some key benefits of this analysis are as follows;You can track traffic from a paid search such as AdWords.You can capture traffic from all channels including referrals.You can track social media traffic, hub activity and can follow-up bookmarking sites.You can identify from which plug-ins you are getting traffic.You can analyze and manage your campaigns.Behavior Analysis: It helps you monitor users' behavior. It offers you the following benefits;You can generate a content drilldown report which will give you a crucial perspective on site usage and information about landing and exit pages.You can measure page timings and user timings which will suggest you the ideal site speed.You will know how the users move across your site, what they normally search before arriving at a landing page.Conversion Analysis: Website conversion analysis is an important part of the SEO process. Every website has a particular goal such as to generate leads, to sell products or services, to increase targeted traffic. When the goal is achieved, it is known as conversion. Some major benefits of this analysis are as follow;It enables you to track conversions such as download, check out, buy, etc.You will know which of your products the users buy the most.You can generate multi-channel funnel reports from conversion paths.You can identify which module, platform, and strategy are best for your business.65) How do you know which pages are indexed by Google?We can check which pages of a website are indexed by Google in two different ways:The first method is to check the Google index status of the website through Google Webmaster tools. For this, you are required to add the website on the dashboard and verify the ownership then click on the tab "Index status". The webmaster tool will display the number of pages indexed by the Google.The second method involves a manual search on Google. In this method, you are required to type on Google search bar site:domainname.com. The indexed pages would reflect on the SERP.66) What is Google PageRank?PageRank is one of the important ranking factors that Google uses to rank the web pages on the basis of quality and quantity of links to the web pages. It determines a score of a webpage's importance and authority on a scale of 0 to 10. A webpage with more backlinks will have a higher PageRank than a webpage that has fewer backlinks. It was invented by Google's founders: Larry Page and Sergey Brin.Note: At present, Google is not using PageRank as a ranking factor or to rank a webpage.67) How would you increase the Page Rank of a page?The Page rank of your page indicates the performance of your page. The page rank of a page depends on many factors such as quality of content, SEO, backlinks and more. So, to increase the page rank of a website you have to focus on multiple factors, e.g., you have to provide unique and original content, build more backlinks from authority sites and web pages with high page rank and more.68) What is Domain Authority?The Domain Authority is a metric introduced by Moz. It is designed to rank a website on a scale of 1-100. The score "1" is considered the worst and the score "100" is considered the best. The higher the score or DA, the higher will be the ability to rank on search engine result pages. So, it is an important factor that defines how well your website will rank in search engines.69) Define BLOG?A blog is an information on the website that is regularly updated. Blogs are usually written by an individual or a small group of people. It is written in an informal or conversational style.It is like an online diary or a book located on a website. The content of a blog generally includes text, pictures, videos, etc. A blog may be written for personal use or sharing information with a specific group or to engage the public. Furthermore, the bloggers can set their blogs for private or public access.70) Which are the social media channels generally used for marketing?Some of the most used social media channels are:Blogging Platforms: Blogger, WordPress, Tumblr , Medium, Ghost, Squarespace, etc.Social bookmarking sites: Digg, Jumptags, Delicious, Dribble, Pocket, Reddit, Slashdot, StumbleUpon, etc.,Social networking sites: Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google+, Skype, Viber, Snapchat, Pinterest, Telegram, etc.Video Sharing sites: YouTube, Vimeo, Netflix, Metacafe, Liveleak, Ustream, etc.71) What is Directory Submission?Directory submission is an off-page SEO technique that helps improve the SEO of your site. It allows you to submit your site to a specific category of a web directory, e.g., if your website talks about heath, you are supposed to submit your site in the health category of a web directory.You are required to follow the guidelines of a web directory before submitting your site. Some of the popular directory submission sites are www.dmoz.org and www.seofriendly.com and www.directorylisting.com.72) What are the advantages of submitting sites to search directories?Submitting sites to a search directory is used to get backlinks to your website. It is one of the key methods to improve the SEO of a site. The more backlinks you get, the more is the probability that the search engine will index it sooner, compared to when it is not listed. Directory submission is mostly free.You can also enter a site title, which is different from the URL, containing your keywords. In this way, you can generate anchor text for your site. Furthermore, most of the search directories are ranked higher in the search engine result pages so if you submit your site to such directories, there will be more chances of your website receiving high page rank.73) What is Search Engine Submission?Search engine submission is an off page SEO technique. In this technique, a website is directly submitted to the search engine for indexing and thus to increase its online recognition and visibility. It is an initial step to promote a website and get search engine traffic. A website can be submitted in two ways: one page at a time or the entire site at a time using a webmaster tool.74) What is Press Release Submission?Press release submission is an off page SEO technique in which you write press releases and submit them to popular PR sites for building backlinks or to increase the online visibility of a website.A press release generally contains information about events, new products or services of the company. It should be keyword-optimized, factual and informative so that it could engage the readers.75) What is forum posting?Forum posting is an off page SEO technique. It involves generating quality backlinks by participating in online discussion forums of forum websites. In a forum posting, you can post a new thread as well as reply to old threads in forums to get quality backlinks to your site. Some of the popular forum websites are message boards, discussion groups, discussion forums, bulletin boards and more. So, forum websites are online discussion sites that allow you to participate in online discussion and interact with new users to promote your websites, web pages and more.76) What is the RSS feed?RSS feed submission is an off page SEO technique. It refers to the submission of RSS feeds to RSS submission directory sites to improve the SEO of your site. RSS stands for Rich Site Summary and is also known as Really Simple Syndication.An RSS feed generally contains updated web pages, videos, images, links and more. It is a format to deliver frequently changing web content. The users who find these updates interesting can subscribe your RSS feed to receive timely updates from their favorite websites. Thus, it helps increase traffic to your website.77) What is Guest Posting?Guest posting is an off page SEO technique in which you publish your article or post on another person's website or blog. In other words, when you are writing a post for your blog, then your post is a simply a post, but when you write a post on someone else's blog, then your post becomes a guest post and you a guest writer. So, guest posting is a practice of contributing a post to someone else's blog to build authority and links. See the basic steps involved in guest posting:78) What is the Google Algorithm?Google algorithm is a set of rules, codes or commands that enables Google to return search results relevant to the queries made by the users. It is the Google's algorithm that allows it to rank the websites on SERPs on the basis of quality and relevancy. The websites with quality content and relevant information tend to remain at the top of the SERPs.So, Google is a search engine that is based on a dynamic set of codes called algorithm to provide the most appropriate and relevant search results based on users' queries.79) What is Google Panda?Google Panda is a Google algorithm update. It was primarily introduced in 2011 to reward high-quality websites and diminish the low-quality websites in SERPs. It was initially called "Farmer."Panda addressed many issues in Google SERPs, such as:Thin ContentDuplicate ContentLow AuthorityContent FarmingHigh ad-to-content ratioLow-quality user-generated content (UGC)80) What is Mobilegeddon (Mobile-Friendly Update)?Mobilegeddon is a search engine ranking algorithm introduced by Google on 21 April 2015. It was designed to promote mobile-friendly pages in Google's mobile search results. It ranks the websites based on their mobile friendliness, i.e., the mobile-friendly sites are ranked higher than the sites that are not mobile friendly. After this algorithm update, mobile friendliness has become an important factor in ranking the websites in the SERPs.81) What is the Google Penalty?A Google penalty refers to the negative impact on the search rankings of a website. It can be automatic or manual, i.e., it may be due to an algorithm update or for using black hat SEO to improve the SEO of a site. If the penalty is manual, Google informs you about it through webmaster tool. However, if the penalty is automatic such as due to the algorithm you may not be informed. Google generally imposes the penalty in three different ways: Bans, Rank Demotion, and Temporary Rank Change.82) What are Google Sitelinks?Google Sitelinks are little sub-listings that generally appear under some search results in a SERP. Google adds Sitelinks only if it thinks they are useful for the user otherwise it will not show any Sitelinks. It uses its automated algorithms to shortlist and display Sitelinks. The four links under flipkart.com, in the image given below, are known as "Sitelinks."83) What is HTTPS/SSL Update?HTTPS, which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), is a protocol for secure communication on the World Wide Web. It uses SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) to add an extra layer of security to the standard HTTP connection, i.e., it is a secure version of HTTP. It encrypts all data or communication between the server and the browser.The websites which use HTTP protocol, the data is transmitted between the site server and the browser as plain text, so anyone who intercepts your connection can read this data. Earlier, only the websites that handle sensitive data like credit card information were using it, but now almost all sites prefer HTTPS over HTTP. An HTTPS connection provides the following benefits:Website AuthenticationData IntegrityData Encryption84) What is hidden text?Hidden text is one of the oldest black hat SEO techniques to improve the ranking of a site. The hidden text, which is also known as invisible or fake text, is the content that your visitors can't see but the search engine can read or see that content.Using hidden text to improve the ranking of a webpage is against the guidelines of search engines. The search engines can detect the hidden text in a webpage and treats it as spam and can ban your site temporarily or permanently. So it should be avoided by the SEOs.85) What is keyword density?Keyword density refers to the percentage of occurrence of a keyword in a webpage out of all the words on that page. For example, if a keyword appears four times in an article of 100 words, the keyword density would be 4%. It is also known as keyword frequency as it talks about the frequency of occurrence of a keyword in a page. There is no ideal or exact keyword density for better ranking. However, the keyword density of 2 to 4 % is considered suitable for SEO.86) What is keyword stuffing?Keyword stuffing refers to increasing the keyword density beyond a certain level to achieve higher ranking in the SERPs. As we know, web crawlers analyze keywords to index the web pages, so some SEO practitioners exploit this feature of the search engine by increasing the keywords in a page. This way of improving the ranking is against the guidelines of Google, so it is considered a black hat SEO technique, and it should be avoided.87) What is article spinning?It is a black hat SEO technique to improve the SEO of a website. In this technique, the SEO practitioners rewrite a single article to produce its multiple copies in such a way that each copy is treated as a new article. These articles have low quality, repetitive content. Such articles are frequently uploaded to the site to create the illusion of fresh articles.88) What are doorway pages?Doorway pages, which are also known as gateway pages, portal pages or entry pages, are created exclusively to improve ranking in the SERPs. They do not contain quality content, relevant information and have a lot of keywords and links. They are created to funnel visitors into the actual, usable or relevant portion of your site. A doorway page acts as a door between the users and your main page. Black hat SEO professionals use doorway pages to improve the ranking of a website for specific search queries or keywords.89) What is Disavow tool?The Disavow tool is a part of Google Search Console that was introduced in October 2012. It enables you to discount the value of a backlink in order to prevent link-based penalties. It also protects the site from bad links that may harm the website's reputation.Using this tool, you can tell Google that you don't want certain links to be considered to rank websites. Some sites who buy links may suffer the penalty if they don't get these links removed using Disavow tool. The low-quality backlinks, which you don't control, may harm your site's ranking. You can ask Google not to consider them when crawling and indexing your site.90) What is Fetch as Google?Fetch as Google is a tool of Google available in the Google webmaster tool. It is used for immediate indexing and to find out the issues with your web pages and website. You can also use it to see how Google crawls or renders a URL on your site. Furthermore, if you found technical errors such as "404 not found" or "500 website is not available", you can simply submit your page or website for a fresh crawl using this tool.91) What is the Robots Meta tag?Robot Meta tag is used to give instructions to the web spiders. It tells the search engine how to treat the content of a page. It is a piece of code which is incorporated in the "head" section of a webpage.Some of the main robots Meta tag values or parameters are as follows:FOLLOW: This tag instructs the crawler to follow the links on the page.NOFOLLOW: This tag instructs the crawler not to follow the links on the page.INDEX: This tag instructs the crawler to index the page.NOINDEX: This tag is used to instruct the search engine crawler not to index the page.92) What is the syntax of the Robots Meta tag?The syntax of a Robots Meta tag is very simple:In the syntax, you can add different values or parameters of robots meta tags as a placeholder as we have written: "instructions for the crawler" as a placeholder. Some commonly used values of robots meta tags include an index, follow, noindex, nofollow and more.93) What is the Google Knowledge Graph?Google Knowledge graph refers to a block of information that appears on the right side of the SERPs after entering a search query. It is launched by Google in 2012 and is also known as Knowledge Graph Card.It provides information systematically using images, content, graphs, etc. It creates interconnected search results to makes information more appealing, accurate, structured and relevant. So, it is an enhancement of the organic Google search results as it understands the facts about, people, places, objects, etc.94) What is Google Sandbox?Google Sandbox is an imaginary area which contains new and less authoritative sites for a specified period until they cannot be displayed in the search results. It is an alleged filter for the new websites. In simple words, we can say that it places new websites on probation and ranks them lower than expected in searches. It may be caused by building too many links within a short period of time.Any type of website can be placed in a sandbox. However, the new websites who want to rank for highly competitive keyword phrases are more prone to the sandbox. There is no fixed duration for a site to stay in the sandbox. Generally, a website can stay in the Sandbox for one to six months. The logic behind the sandbox is that new websites may be not as relevant as older sites.95) What is Google My business?Google My Business is a free tool of Google which is designed to help you create and manage their business listings on SERPs, i.e., to manage your online presence on Google. Using this tool, you can easily create and update your business listings such as you can:Update business name, address and hoursUpload your business's imagesManage and reply to customer reviewsGet custom insights like how customers are responding to your business onlineGet notifications when customers talk about your businessCan manage multiple locations from one dashboardCan invite others to manage your business listings96) What is an SEO audit?An SEO audit refers to a process that evaluates the search engine friendliness of a website. It grades a site for its ability to appear in SERPs, i.e., it is like a report card for your site's SEO.It helps you find issues with your site. You can resolve these issues to boost the ranking of your page or increase your sale. Furthermore, by doing SEO audit, you can do the followingSome SEO audit tools:WoornakSEOptimerRaven ToolsWebsite Grader97) What is AMP?AMP, which stands for Accelerated Mobile Pages, is an open source project that helps publishers to improve the speed and readability of their pages on mobile devices. It makes mobile pages easily readable and loading quicker for better user experience. This project was introduced jointly by Google, WordPress, Adobe and some other companies in 2015.98) What is Google's rich Answer Box?Google's rich Answer box is a short, rich featured snippet of relevant information that appears in the form of a box at the top of the SERPs. Google introduced this feature in 2015 to provide quick and easy answers to queries of users by featuring a snippet of information in a box at the top of the search engine result page. The rich answers may appear in different forms such as recipes, stock graphs, sports scores, etc. See the image given below:99) How would you optimize your content for Google's rich answer box?There are plenty of ways to optimize your content or site for Google's rich answer box. Some of the commonly used methods are as follows:Identify complex queries and questions: The answers to simple questions are available in abundance across the SERPs. So, find out complex queries related to your niche by using keywords tools such as Google AdWords, SEMRush and Wordstream and write content that specifically answers these questions.Engage readers: Your one answer should be suitable for all similar questions. Furthermore, customize your content to suit beginners in your field and use graphs, tables, and step-by-step answer formats to engage the readers.Provide Supplemental Information: The users tend to read or follow related questions, so you can answers some similar questions down the page as supplemental information.Enhance User Experience: Keep your website well structured and formatted and optimized for mobiles to improve your users' website experience.Select User Searched Topics: Choose topics that are highly searched by users then accordingly provide information about these topics.Create Quality Content: Do market research to understand your audience and make a list of questions mostly asked by them and then accordingly create unique and quality content.Implement Schema Markup Code: This code allows Google to identify semantic contents in the source code of your site so that it could separate information from your page and use it in the Answer Box.100) What is Schema Markup?Schema markup, which is also known as structured data, is a code or microdata that you incorporate in your web pages to enable search engine better understand your pages and provide more relevant results to users. It helps search engines interpret and categorize information, which you want to highlight and to be presented as a rich snippet by the search engine.The schema does not affect the crawling. It just changes the way the information is displayed and assigns a meaning to the content. So, it tells the search engine what your data means rather than just telling what it says.101) What is CTR?CTR stands for Click through Rate. It is calculated by dividing the number of times a link appears on a search engine result page (impression) by the number of times it is clicked by users. For example, if you have 10 clicks and 100 impressions, your CTR would be 10%.The higher the clicks, the higher will be the CTR. A high click-through rate is essential for a successful PPC, i.e., the success of a PPC depends on the CTR. Thus, it is an important metric in PPC ads which helps you gauge the results and tells how effective your campaigns are.102) What is PPC?PPC stands for pay-per-click. It is a type of search engine marketing in which you have to pay a fee each time your advertisement is clicked by an online user. Search engines like Google, Bing, etc., offer pay-per-click advertising on auction basis where the highest bidder gets the most prominent advertising space on the SERPs so that it gets a maximum number of clicks.103) What is bounce rate?Bounce rate refers to the percentage of single-page visits in which the visitor views only one page of your website and then leaves the website from the landing page without browsing other pages. In simple words, it is the single-page sessions divided by all sessions. Google analytics tells the bounce rate of a web page or a website.Bounce rate tells you how users are finding your site, e.g., if the bounce rate is too high, it indicates your site does not contain the relevant information, or the information is not useful for the visitors.104) What is Alexa Rank in SEO?Alexa.com is a website and a subsidiary company of Amazon.com that provides a wide range of services out of which one is Alexa rank. This rank is a metric that ranks websites in a particular order on the basis of their popularity and website traffic in the last three months.Alexa generally considers the unique daily visitors and average page views over a period of 3 months to calculate the Alexa rank for a website. Alexa rank is updated daily. The lower the Alexa rank, the more popular a site will be. An increase or decrease in the rank shows how your SEO campaigns are doing.105) What is RankBrain in SEO?RankBrain is Google's machine-learning artificial intelligence system designed to help Google to process search results and deliver more relevant information to users. It is a part of the Google's Hummingbird search algorithm. It can learn and recognize new patterns and then revisit SERPs to provide more relevant information.It has the ability to embed the written language into mathematical entities called vectors that Google can understand. For example, if it does not understand a sentence, it can guess its meaning with similar words or sentences and filter the information accordingly to provide accurate and relevant results to users.106) What do you understand by Crawl Stats in SEO?The crawl stats give the overview of Googlebot activity on our website. It provides information about the Googlebot's activity on your site for the last 90 days. The crawl number tends to increase as you increase the size of your site by adding more content or web pages.The crawl stats typically provide the following information:The number of pages crawled per day by GooglebotKilobytes downloaded per day for crawling pagesTime spent in downloading a page107) How would you maximize the frequency of crawling of your website by search engines?Update your pages regularly: You must have to frequently add new, original and quality content on the website for this.Server's Uptime: If a site is down for a long time, the crawlers reduce the frequency of crawling for that site. So, host your website on a reliable server with good uptime.Create Sitemaps: You can submit sitemap of your website to make your site discover quickly by search engine spiders. In WordPress, you can generate dynamic sitemap with Google XML sitemap plugin and submit it to Webmaster tool.Avoid Duplicate Content: The copied content tends to reduce the crawling rate as using plagiarized material is against the guidelines of Google. So, always provide new and unique content.Reduce site's loading time: The loading time should be less as the crawl has a limited time and if it spends too much time on big images included in the content, it will have no or less time to visit other pages.Build more links: You can build more backlinks from regularly crawled sites. Interlinking helps search engines to crawl deep pages of your site. So, whenever, you create a new page add a link in your old related pages to your new page.Use optimized images: The crawlers cannot read images directly so always use alt tags to provide a description that search engine crawlers can read and index.108) What is referral traffic?The referral traffic refers to the visitors that come to your site from the direct links on other websites rather than from the search engine. In simple words, the visits to your domain directly from other domains are called referral traffic. For example, a site that likes your page may post a link recommending your page. The visitor on this site may click on this link and visit your site.You can also increase referral traffic by leaving links on other blogs, forums, etc. when you put a hyperlink of your page on other websites like forums users will click and visit your webpage. Google tracks such visits as referral visits or traffic. So, it is a Google's way of reporting visits that come to your site from sources outside of search engine.109) What is keyword stemming?Keyword stemming is the process of finding the root word of a search query and then creating new keywords by adding prefixes, suffixes and pluralizing the root word. For example, a query "Searcher" can be broken down to the word "search" and then more words can be created by adding prefixes, suffixes or pluralizing this root word, such as research, searcher, searchers, searching, searchable, etc.Similarly, you can add the prefix "en" to "large" to make it "enlarge" and add a suffix "ful" to "power" to make it "powerful." This practice allows you to expand your keyword list and thus helps get more traffic.110) What is LSI?LSI stands for Latent Semantic Indexing. It is a part of the Google's algorithm which enables the search engine to understand the content of a page and the intent of the search queries. It identifies related words in content to better classify web pages and thus to deliver more relevant and accurate search results. It can understand synonyms and the relationship between words and thus can interpret web pages more deeply to provide relevant information to users. For example, if someone searches with a keyword "CAR," it will show related things such as car models, car auctions, car race, car companies and more. See the image:

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Published - Tue, 06 Dec 2022

Python Interview Questions and answers

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Python Interview Questions and answers

A list of frequently asked Python interview questions with answers for freshers and experienced are given below.1) What is Python?Python was created by Guido van Rossum, and released in 1991.It is a general-purpose computer programming language. It is a high-level, object-oriented language which can run equally on different platforms such as Windows, Linux, UNIX, and Macintosh. Its high-level built-in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding. It is widely used in data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence domain.It is easy to learn and require less code to develop the applications.35KApple Watch Ultra: Honest Long Term ReviewNextStayIt is widely used for:Web development (server-side).Software development.Mathematics.System scripting.2) Why Python?Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics.Python is compatible with different platforms like Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.Python has a simple syntax as compared to other languages.Python allows a developer to write programs with fewer lines than some other programming languages.Python runs on an interpreter system, means that the code can be executed as soon as it is written. It helps to provide a prototype very quickly.Python can be described as a procedural way, an object-orientated way or a functional way.The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are available in source or binary form without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely distributed.3) What are the applications of Python?Python is used in various software domains some application areas are given below.Web and Internet DevelopmentGamesScientific and computational applicationsLanguage developmentImage processing and graphic design applicationsEnterprise and business applications developmentOperating systemsGUI based desktop applicationsPython provides various web frameworks to develop web applications. The popular python web frameworks are Django, Pyramid, Flask.Python's standard library supports for E-mail processing, FTP, IMAP, and other Internet protocols.Python's SciPy and NumPy helps in scientific and computational application development.Python's Tkinter library supports to create a desktop based GUI applications.4) What are the advantages of Python?Advantages of Python are:Python is Interpreted languageInterpreted: Python is an interpreted language. It does not require prior compilation of code and executes instructions directly.It is Free and open sourceFree and open source: It is an open-source project which is publicly available to reuse. It can be downloaded free of cost.It is ExtensibleExtensible: It is very flexible and extensible with any module.Object-orientedObject-oriented: Python allows to implement the Object-Oriented concepts to build application solution.It has Built-in data structureBuilt-in data structure: Tuple, List, and Dictionary are useful integrated data structures provided by the language.ReadabilityHigh-Level LanguageCross-platformPortable: Python programs can run on cross platforms without affecting its performance.5) What is PEP 8?PEP 8 stands for Python Enhancement Proposal, it can be defined as a document that helps us to provide the guidelines on how to write the Python code. It is basically a set of rules that specify how to format Python code for maximum readability. It was written by Guido van Rossum, Barry Warsaw and Nick Coghlan in 2001.6) What do you mean by Python literals?Literals can be defined as a data which is given in a variable or constant. Python supports the following literals:String LiteralsString literals are formed by enclosing text in the single or double quotes. For example, string literals are string values.Example:# in single quotes  single = 'JavaTpoint'  # in double quotes  double = "JavaTpoint"  # multi-line String  multi = '''''Java             T                 point'''      print(single)  print(double)  print(multi)  Output:JavaTpoint JavaTpoint Java T point Numeric LiteralsPython supports three types of numeric literals integer, float and complex.Example:# Integer literal    a = 10    #Float Literal    b = 12.3     #Complex Literal     x = 3.14j    print(a)  print(b)  print(x)  Output:10 12.3 3.14j Boolean LiteralsBoolean literals are used to denote Boolean values. It contains either True or False.Example:p = (1 == True)  q = (1 == False)  r = True + 3  s = False + 7      print("p is", p)  print("q is", q)  print("r:", r)  print("s:", s)  Output:p is True q is False r: 4 s: 7 Special literalsPython contains one special literal, that is, 'None'. This special literal is used for defining a null variable. If 'None' is compared with anything else other than a 'None', it will return false.Example:word = None  print(word)  Output:None 7) Explain Python Functions?A function is a section of the program or a block of code that is written once and can be executed whenever required in the program. A function is a block of self-contained statements which has a valid name, parameters list, and body. Functions make programming more functional and modular to perform modular tasks. Python provides several built-in functions to complete tasks and also allows a user to create new functions as well.There are three types of functions:Built-In Functions: copy(), len(), count() are the some built-in functions.User-defined Functions: Functions which are defined by a user known as user-defined functions.Anonymous functions: These functions are also known as lambda functions because they are not declared with the standard def keyword.Example: A general syntax of user defined function is given below.def function_name(parameters list):        #--- statements---        return a_value    8) What is zip() function in Python?Python zip() function returns a zip object, which maps a similar index of multiple containers. It takes an iterable, convert into iterator and aggregates the elements based on iterables passed. It returns an iterator of tuples.Signaturezip(iterator1, iterator2, iterator3 ...)    Parametersiterator1, iterator2, iterator3: These are iterator objects that are joined together.ReturnIt returns an iterator from two or more iterators.Note: If the given lists are of different lengths, zip stops generating tuples when the first list ends. It means two lists are having 3, and 5 lengths will create a 3-tuple.9) What is Python's parameter passing mechanism?There are two parameters passing mechanism in Python:Pass by referencesPass by valueBy default, all the parameters (arguments) are passed "by reference" to the functions. Thus, if you change the value of the parameter within a function, the change is reflected in the calling function as well. It indicates the original variable. For example, if a variable is declared as a = 10, and passed to a function where it's value is modified to a = 20. Both the variables denote to the same value.The pass by value is that whenever we pass the arguments to the function only values pass to the function, no reference passes to the function. It makes it immutable that means not changeable. Both variables hold the different values, and original value persists even after modifying in the function.Python has a default argument concept which helps to call a method using an arbitrary number of arguments.10) How to overload constructors or methods in Python?Python's constructor: _init__ () is the first method of a class. Whenever we try to instantiate an object __init__() is automatically invoked by python to initialize members of an object. We can't overload constructors or methods in Python. It shows an error if we try to overload.Example:class student:        def __init__(self, name):            self.name = name        def __init__(self, name, email):            self.name = name            self.email = email             # This line will generate an error    #st = student("rahul")        # This line will call the second constructor    st = student("rahul", "rahul@gmail.com")    print("Name: ", st.name)  print("Email id: ", st.email)  Output:Name: rahul Email id: rahul@gmail.com 11) What is the difference between remove() function and del statement?The user can use the remove() function to delete a specific object in the list.Example:list_1 = [ 3, 5, 7, 3, 9, 3 ]   print(list_1)  list_1.remove(3)   print("After removal: ", list_1)  Output:[3, 5, 7, 3, 9, 3] After removal: [5, 7, 3, 9, 3] If you want to delete an object at a specific location (index) in the list, you can either use del or pop.Example:list_1 = [ 3, 5, 7, 3, 9, 3 ]   print(list_1)  del list_1[2]  print("After deleting: ", list_1)  Output:[3, 5, 7, 3, 9, 3] After deleting: [3, 5, 3, 9, 3] Note: You don't need to import any extra module to use these functions for removing an element from the list.We cannot use these methods with a tuple because the tuple is different from the list.12) What is swapcase() function in the Python?It is a string's function which converts all uppercase characters into lowercase and vice versa. It is used to alter the existing case of the string. This method creates a copy of the string which contains all the characters in the swap case. If the string is in lowercase, it generates a small case string and vice versa. It automatically ignores all the non-alphabetic characters. See an example below.Example:string = "IT IS IN LOWERCASE."  print(string.swapcase())    string = "it is in uppercase."  print(string.swapcase())  Output:it is in lowercase. IT IS IN UPPERCASE. 13) How to remove whitespaces from a string in Python?To remove the whitespaces and trailing spaces from the string, Python providies strip([str]) built-in function. This function returns a copy of the string after removing whitespaces if present. Otherwise returns original string.Example:string = "  javatpoint "  string2 = "    javatpoint        "  string3 = "       javatpoint"  print(string)  print(string2)  print(string3)  print("After stripping all have placed in a sequence:")  print(string.strip())  print(string2.strip())  print(string3.strip())  Output:javatpoint javatpoint javatpoint After stripping all have placed in a sequence: Javatpoint javatpoint javatpoint 14) How to remove leading whitespaces from a string in the Python?To remove leading characters from a string, we can use lstrip() function. It is Python string function which takes an optional char type parameter. If a parameter is provided, it removes the character. Otherwise, it removes all the leading spaces from the string.Example:string = "  javatpoint "   string2 = "    javatpoint        "  print(string)  print(string2)  print("After stripping all leading whitespaces:")  print(string.lstrip())  print(string2.lstrip())  Output:javatpoint javatpoint After stripping all leading whitespaces: javatpoint javatpoint After stripping, all the whitespaces are removed, and now the string looks like the below:15) Why do we use join() function in Python?The join() is defined as a string method which returns a string value. It is concatenated with the elements of an iterable. It provides a flexible way to concatenate the strings. See an example below.Example:str = "Rohan"  str2 = "ab"  # Calling function    str2 = str.join(str2)    # Displaying result    print(str2)  Output:aRohanb 16) Give an example of shuffle() method?This method shuffles the given string or an array. It randomizes the items in the array. This method is present in the random module. So, we need to import it and then we can call the function. It shuffles elements each time when the function calls and produces different output.Example:# import the random module  import random  # declare a list  sample_list1 = ['Z', 'Y', 'X', 'W', 'V', 'U']  print("Original LIST1: ")  print(sample_list1)  # first shuffle   random.shuffle(sample_list1)  print("\nAfter the first shuffle of LIST1: ")  print(sample_list1)  # second shuffle  random.shuffle(sample_list1)  print("\nAfter the second shuffle of LIST1: ")  print(sample_list1)  Output:Original LIST1: ['Z', 'Y', 'X', 'W', 'V', 'U'] After the first shuffle of LIST1: ['V', 'U', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'] After the second shuffle of LIST1: ['Z', 'Y', 'X', 'U', 'V', 'W'] 17) What is the use of break statement?The break statement is used to terminate the execution of the current loop. Break always breaks the current execution and transfer control to outside the current block. If the block is in a loop, it exits from the loop, and if the break is in a nested loop, it exits from the innermost loop.Example:list_1 = ['X', 'Y', 'Z']  list_2 = [11, 22, 33]  for i in list_1:      for j in list_2:          print(i, j)          if i == 'Y' and j == 33:              print('BREAK')              break      else:          continue      break  Output:2 X 11 X 22 X 33 Y 11 Y 22 Y 33 BREAK Python Break statement flowchart.18) What is tuple in Python?A tuple is a built-in data collection type. It allows us to store values in a sequence. It is immutable, so no change is reflected in the original data. It uses () brackets rather than [] square brackets to create a tuple. We cannot remove any element but can find in the tuple. We can use indexing to get elements. It also allows traversing elements in reverse order by using negative indexing. Tuple supports various methods like max(), sum(), sorted(), Len() etc.To create a tuple, we can declare it as below.Example:# Declaring tuple  tup = (2,4,6,8)  # Displaying value  print(tup)    # Displaying Single value  print(tup[2])  Output:(2, 4, 6, 8) 6 It is immutable. So updating tuple will lead to an error.Example:# Declaring tuple  tup = (2,4,6,8)  # Displaying value  print(tup)    # Displaying Single value  print(tup[2])    # Updating by assigning new value  tup[2]=22  # Displaying Single value  print(tup[2])  Output:tup[2]=22 TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment (2, 4, 6, 8) 19) Which are the file related libraries/modules in Python?The Python provides libraries/modules that enable you to manipulate text files and binary files on the file system. It helps to create files, update their contents, copy, and delete files. The libraries are os, os.path, and shutil.Here, os and os.path - modules include a function for accessing the filesystemwhile shutil - module enables you to copy and delete the files.20) What are the different file processing modes supported by Python?Python provides four modes to open files. The read-only (r), write-only (w), read-write (rw) and append mode (a). 'r' is used to open a file in read-only mode, 'w' is used to open a file in write-only mode, 'rw' is used to open in reading and write mode, 'a' is used to open a file in append mode. If the mode is not specified, by default file opens in read-only mode.Read-only mode (r): Open a file for reading. It is the default mode.Write-only mode (w): Open a file for writing. If the file contains data, data would be lost. Other a new file is created.Read-Write mode (rw): Open a file for reading, write mode. It means updating mode.Append mode (a): Open for writing, append to the end of the file, if the file exists.21) What is an operator in Python?An operator is a particular symbol which is used on some values and produces an output as a result. An operator works on operands. Operands are numeric literals or variables which hold some values. Operators can be unary, binary or ternary. An operator which requires a single operand known as a unary operator, which require two operands known as a binary operator and which require three operands is called ternary operator.Example:# Unary Operator  A = 12  B = -(A)  print (B)  # Binary Operator  A = 12  B = 13  print (A + B)  print (B * A)  #Ternary Operator  A = 12  B = 13  min = A if A 

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Published - Tue, 06 Dec 2022

Django Interview Questions and Answers

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Django Interview Questions and Answers

A list of top frequently asked Django interview questions and answers are given below.1) Explain Django.Django is a free and open source web application framework, written in Python. It is a server-side web framework that provides rapid development of secure and maintainable websites.2) What does Django mean?Django is named after Django Reinhardt, a gypsy jazz guitarist from the 1930s to early 1950s who is known as one of the best guitarists of all time.3) Which architectural pattern does Django follow?Django follows Model-View-Template (MVT) architectural pattern.56.6M1KHTML TutorialSee the following graph that shows the MVT based control flow.Here, a user requests for a resource to the Django, Django works as a controller and check to the available resource in URL.If URL maps, a view is called that interact with model and template, it renders a template.Django responds back to the user and sends a template as a response.4) Explain Django architecture.Django follows MVT (Model View Template) pattern. It is slightly different from MVC.Model: It is the data access layer. It contains everything about the data, i.e., how to access it, how to validate it, its behaviors and the relationships between the data.Let's see an example. We are creating a model Employee who has two fields first_name and last_name.from django.db import models    class Employee(models.Model):      first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)      last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)  View: It is the business logic layer. This layer contains the logic that accesses the model and defers to the appropriate template. It is like a bridge between the model and the template.import datetime  # Create your views here.  from django.http import HttpResponse  def index(request):      now = datetime.datetime.now()      html = "Now time is %s." % now      return HttpResponse(html)    # rendering the template in HttpResponse  Template: It is a presentation layer. This layer contains presentation-related decisions, i.e., how something should be displayed on a Web page or other type of document.To configure the template system, we have to provide some entries in settings.py file.TEMPLATES = [      {          'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',          'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],          'APP_DIRS': True,          'OPTIONS': {              'context_processors': [                  'django.template.context_processors.debug',                  'django.template.context_processors.request',                  'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',                  'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',              ],          },      },  ]  5) Is Django a high-level web framework or low-level framework?Django is a high-level Python's web framework which was designed for rapid development and clean, realistic design.6) How would you pronounce Django?Django is pronounced JANG-oh. Here D is silent.7) How does Django work?Django can be broken into many components:Models.py file: This file defines your data model by extending your single line of code into full database tables and add a pre-built administration section to manage content.Urls.py file: It uses a regular expression to capture URL patterns for processing.Views.py file: It is the main part of Django. The actual processing happens in view.When a visitor lands on Django page, first Django checks the URLs pattern you have created and used the information to retrieve the view. After that view processes the request, querying your database if necessary, and passes the requested information to a template.After that, the template renders the data in a layout you have created and displayed the page.8) Which foundation manages the Django web framework?Django web framework is managed and maintained by an independent and non-profit organization named Django Software Foundation (DSF). The primary foundation goal is to promote, support, and advance the Django Web framework.9) Is Django stable?Yes, Django is quite stable. Many companies like Disqus, Instagram, Pinterest, and Mozilla have been using Django for many years.10) What are the features available in Django web framework?Features available in Django web framework are:Admin Interface (CRUD)TemplatingForm handlingInternationalizationA Session, user management, role-based permissionsObject-relational mapping (ORM)Testing FrameworkFantastic Documentation11) Explain the advantages of Django?Advantages of Django:Django is a Python's framework which is easy to learn.It is clear and readable.It is versatile.It is fast to write.No loopholes in design.It is secure.It is scalable.It is versatile.12) What are the disadvantages of Django?Following is the list of disadvantages of Django:Django' modules are bulky.It is completely based on Django ORM.Components are deployed together.You must know the full system to work with it.13) What are the inheritance styles in Django?There are three possible inheritance styles in Django:1) Abstract base classes: This style is used when you only want parent's class to hold information that you don't want to type out for each child model.2) Multi-table Inheritance: This style is used if you are sub-classing an existing model and need each model to have its database table.3) Proxy models: This style is used, if you only want to modify the Python level behavior of the model, without changing the model's fields.14) Is Django a content management system (CMS)?No, Django is not a CMS. Instead, it is a Web framework and a programming tool that makes you able to build websites.15) How can you set up static files in Django?There are three main things required to set up static files in Django:1) Set STATIC_ROOT in settings.py2) run manage.py collect static3) set up a Static Files entry on the PythonAnywhere web tab16) What is some typical usage of middlewares in Django?Some usage of middlewares in Django is:Session management,Use authenticationCross-site request forgery protectionContent Gzipping17) What does of Django field class types do?The Django field class types specify:The database column type.The default HTML widget to avail while rendering a form field.The minimal validation requirements used in Django admin.Automatic generated forms.18) What is the usage of Django-admin.py and manage.py?Django-admin.py: It is a Django's command line utility for administrative tasks.Manage.py: It is an automatically created file in each Django project. It is a thin wrapper around the Django-admin.py. It has the following usage:It puts your project's package on sys.path.It sets the DJANGO_SETTING_MODULE environment variable to points to your project's setting.py file.19) What are the signals in Django?Signals are pieces of code which contain information about what is happening. A dispatcher is used to sending the signals and listen for those signals.20) What are the two important parameters in signals?Two important parameters in signals are:Receiver: It specifies the callback function which connected to the signal.Sender: It specifies a particular sender from where a signal is received.21) How to handle URLs in Django?To handle URL, django.urls module is used by the Django framework.Let's open the file urls.py of the project and see the what it looks like:// urls.pyfrom django.contrib import admin  from django.urls import path    urlpatterns = [      path('admin/', admin.site.urls),  ]  See, Django already has mentioned a URL here for the admin. The path function takes the first argument as a route of string or regex type.The view argument is a view function which is used to return a response (template) to the user.The django.urls module contains various functions, path(route,view,kwargs,name) is one of those which is used to map the URL and call the specified view.22) What is Django Exception?An exception is an abnormal event that leads to program failure. To deal with this situation, Django uses its exception classes and supports all core Python exceptions as well. Django core exceptions classes are defined in django.core.exceptions module.23) What are the different types of Django Exception Classes?The django.core.exceptions module contains the following classesExceptionDescriptionAppRegistryNotReadyIt is raised when attempting to use models before the app loading process.ObjectDoesNotExistThe base class for DoesNotExist exceptions.EmptyResultSetIf a query does not return any result, this exception is raised.FieldDoesNotExistIt raises when the requested field does not exist.MultipleObjectsReturnedThis exception is raised by a query if only one object is expected, but multiple objects are returned.SuspiciousOperationThis exception is raised when a user has performed an operation that should be considered suspicious from a security perspective.PermissionDeniedIt is raised when a user does not have permission to perform the action requested.ViewDoesNotExistIt is raised by django.urls when a requested view does not exist.MiddlewareNotUsedIt is raised when a middleware is not used in the server configuration.ImproperlyConfiguredThe ImproperlyConfigured exception is raised when Django is somehow improperly configured.FieldErrorIt is raised when there is a problem with a model field.ValidationErrorIt is raised when data validation fails to form or model field validation.24) What is Django Session?A session is a mechanism to store information on the server side during the interaction with the web application. By default, session stores in the database and also allows file-based and cache based sessions.25) What is the role of Cookie in Django?A cookie is a small piece of information which is stored in the client browser. It is used to store user's data in a file permanently (or for the specified time). Cookie has its expiry date and time and removes automatically when gets expire. Django provides built-in methods to set and fetch cookie.The set_cookie() method is used to set a cookie and get() method is used to get the cookie.The request.COOKIES['key'] array can also be used to get cookie values.from django.shortcuts import render  from django.http import HttpResponse    def setcookie(request):      response = HttpResponse("Cookie Set")      response.set_cookie('java-tutorial', 'javatpoint.com')      return response  def getcookie(request):      tutorial  = request.COOKIES['java-tutorial']      return HttpResponse("java tutorials @: "+  tutorial);  

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Published - Tue, 06 Dec 2022

Ruby Interview Questions

Created by - Admin s

Ruby Interview Questions

A list of frequently asked Ruby or Ruby On Rails interview questions and answers are given below.1) What is Ruby programming language?Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, general purpose, open source programming language that focuses on simplicity and productivity. Ruby has a mixed features of Perl, small talk, Eiffel, Ada and Lisp. Ruby was designed to create a new language which makes a balance with the functionality of Imperative languages.For more information: Click here2) Who is the developer of Ruby?Ruby is designed and developed by Yukihiro "martz" Matsumoto in mid 1990 in Japan.68.2M1.3KException Handling in Java - JavatpointFor more information: Click here3) Why Ruby is known as a language of flexibility?Ruby is known as a language of flexibility because it facilitates its author to alter the programming elements. Some specific parts of the language can be removed or redefined. Ruby does not restrict the user. For example, to add two numbers, Ruby allows to use + sign or the word 'plus'. This alteration can be done with Ruby's built-in class Numeric.4) List some features of Ruby?Ruby has many features. Some of them are listed below.Object-orientedFlexibleDynamic typing and Duck typingGarbage collectorKeyword argumentsFor more information: Click here5) Explain some differences between Ruby and Python.Similarities:High level languageSupport multiple platformsUse interactive prompt called irbServer side scripting languageDifferences:Ruby is fully object oriented while Python is not.Ruby supports EclipseIDE while Python supports multiple IDEs.Ruby use Mixins while Python doesn't.Ruby supports blocks, procs and lambdas while Python doesn't.For more information: Click here6) Write the command to get installed Ruby version in your system.ruby -vFor more information: Click here7) What are class libraries in Ruby?Ruby class libraries contain variety of domain such as thread programming, data types, various domains. Following is a list of domains which has relevant class libraries:Text processingCGI ProgrammingNetwork programmingGUI programmingXML programming8) Name some operators used in Ruby.Operators are a symbol which is used to perform different operations.Unary operatorAirthmetic operatorBitwise operatorLogical operatorTernary operatorFor more information: Click here9) What is RubyGems in Ruby programming language?RubyGems provides a standard format for distributing ruby programs and libraries. It works as a package manager for the Ruby programming language.RubyGems is now a part of the standard library from Ruby version 1.9.10) What are Ruby variables.Ruby variables hold data which can be used later in a program. Each variable act as a memory and shas a different name.There are four types of variables in Ruby:Local variableClass variableInstance variableGlobal variableFor more information: Click here11) What is the difference between nil and false in Ruby?nilfalsenil cannot be a value.false can be a value.nil is returned where there is no predicate.in case of a predicate, true or false is returned by a method.nil is not a boolean data type.false is a boolean data type.nil is an object of nilclass.false is an object of falseclass.12) Explain Ruby data types.Ruby data types represent type of data such as text, string, numbers, etc.There are different data types in Ruby:NumbersStringsSymbolsHashesArraysBooleansFor more information: Click here13) What is the use of load and require in Ruby?In Ruby, load and require both are used for loading the available code into the current code. In cases where loading the code required every time when changed or every times someone hits the URL, it is suggested to use 'load'.It case of autoload, it is suggested to use 'require'.14) Explain Ruby if-else statement.The Ruby if-else statement is used to test condition. There are various types of statement in Ruby.if statementif-else statementif-else-if (elsif) statementternary statementFor more information: Click here15) Explain case statement in Ruby.In Ruby, we use 'case' instead of 'switch' and 'when' instead of 'case'. The case statement matches one statement with multiple conditions just like a switch statement in other languages.For more information: Click here16) Explain for loop in Ruby.Ruby for loop iterates over a specific range of numbers. Hence, for loop is used if a program has fixed number of itrerations.Ruby for loop will execute once for each element in expression.For more information: Click here17) Explain while loop in Ruby.Ruby while loop is used to iterate a program several times. If the number of iterations is not fixedfor a program, while loop is used.For more information: Click here18) Explain do while loop in Ruby.Ruby do while loop iterates a part of program several times. In this, loop will execute at least once because do while condition is written at the end.For more information: Click here19) Explain until loop in Ruby.Ruby until loop runs until the given condition evaluates to true. It exits the loop when condition becomes true. It is opposite of the while loop.For more information: Click here20) Explain break statement in Ruby.Ruby break statement is used to terminate a loop. It is mostly used in while loop where value is printed till the condition is true.For more information: Click here21) Explain next statement in Ruby.Ruby next statement is used to skip loop's next iteration. Once the next statement is executed, no further iteration will be performed.For more information: Click here22) Explain redo statement in Ruby.Ruby redo statement is used to repeat the current iteration of the loop. The redo statement is executed without evaluating loop's condition.For more information: Click here23) Explain retry statement in Ruby.Ruby retry statement is used to repeat the whole loop iteration from the start.For more information: Click here24) How will you comment in Ruby.Ruby comments are non-executable lines in a program. They do not take part in the execution of a program.Single line comment syntax:#This is single line comment.  Multi line comment syntax:=begin  This  is  multi line  comment  =end  For more information: Click here25) Explain Ruby object.Object is the default root of all Ruby objects. Ruby objects inherit from BasicObject which allows creating alternate object hierarchies.For more information: Click here26) How to create Ruby object?Objects in Ruby are created by calling new method of the class. It is a unique type of method and predefined in Ruby library.Syntax:objectName=className.new  For more information: Click here27) Explain Ruby class.Each Ruby class is an instance of Ruby class. Classes in Ruby are first class objects. It always starts with a keyword class followed by the class name.Syntax:class ClassName  codes...  end  For more information: Click here28) Define Ruby methods.Ruby method prevent us from writing the same code in a program again and again. Ruby methods are similar to functions in other languages.For more information: Click here29) How to use Ruby methods.To use a Ruby method, we need to first define it. It is defined with def and end keyword.Method name should always start with a lowercase letter.Syntax:def methodName  code...  end  For more information: Click here30) What are Ruby blocks.Ruby code blocks are called closures in other programming languages. It consist of a group of codes which is always enclosed with braces or written between do...end.For more information: Click here31) In how many ways a block is written in Ruby.A block is written in two ways:Multi-line between do and endInline between braces {}Both are same and have the same functionality.For more information: Click heresyntax:block_name{  statement1  statement2  ..........  }  For more information: Click here32) What is yield statement in Ruby.The yield statement is used to call a block within a method with a value.For more information: Click here33) Explain ampersand parameter (&block) in Ruby.The &block is a way to pass a reference (instead of a local variable) to the block to a method.Here, block word after the & is just a name for the reference, any other name can be used instead of this.For more information: Click here34) Explain Ruby module.Ruby module is a collection of methods and constants. A module method may be instance method or module method. They are similar to classes as they hold a collection of methods, class definitions, constants and other modules. They are defined like classes. Objects or subclasses can not be created using modules. There is no module hierarchy of inheritance.Modules basically serve two purposes:They act as namespace. They prevent the name clashes.They allow the mixin facility to share functionality between classes.Syntax:module ModuleName  statement1  statement2  ...........  end  Module name should start with a capital letter.For more information: Click here35) Explain module mixins in Ruby.Ruby doesn't support multiple inheritance. Modules eliminate the need of multiple inheritance using mixin in Ruby.A module doesn't have instances because it is not a class. However, a module can be included within a class.When you include a module within a class, the class will have access to the methods of the module.For more information: Click here36) Explain Ruby strings.Ruby string object holds and manipulates an arbitary sequence of bytes, typically representing characters. They are created using String::new or as literals.For more information: Click here37) How to access Ruby strings elements in an application.You can access Ruby string elements in different parts with the help of square brackets []. Within square brackets write the index or string.For more information: Click here38) How to write multiline string in Ruby.Writing multiline string is very simple in Ruby language. We will show three ways to print multiline string.String can be written within double quotes.The % character is used and string is enclosed within / character.In heredoc syntax, we use << and string is enclosed within word STRING.For more information: Click here39) What is the use of global variable $ in Ruby?The global variable is declared in Ruby that you can access it anywhere within the application because it has full scope in the application. The global variables are used in Ruby with $ prepend.40) What is concatenating string in Ruby. In how many ways you can create a concatenating string.Ruby concatenating string implies creating one string from multiple strings. You can join more than one string to form a single string by concatenating them.There are four ways to concatenate Ruby strings into single string:Using plus sign in between strings.Using a single space in between strings.Using << sign in between strings.Using concat method in between strings.For more information: Click here41) What are freezing string in Ruby.In most programming languages strings are immutable. It means that an existing string can't be modified, only a new string can be created out of them.In Ruby, by default strings are not immutable. To make them immutable, freeze method can be used.For more information: Click here42) In how many ways you can compare Ruby string?Ruby strings can be compared with three operators:With == operator : Returns true or falseWith eql? Operator : Returns true or falseWith casecmp method : Returns 0 if matched or 1 if not matchedFor more information: Click here43) What are class libraries in Ruby?Ruby class libraries contain variety of domain such as thread programming, data types, various domains. Following is a list of domains which has relevant class libraries:Text processingCGI ProgrammingNetwork programmingGUI programmingXML programming44) What are Ruby arrays and how they can be created?Ruby arrays are ordered collections of objects. They can hold objects like integer, number, hash, string, symbol or any other array.Its indexing starts with 0. The negative index starts with -1 from the end of the array. For example, -1 indicates last element of the array and 0 indicates first element of the array.A Ruby array is created in many ways.Using literal constructor []Using new class methodFor more information: Click here45) How to access Ruby array elements? How many methods are used to access Ruby elements.?Ruby array elements can be accessed using #[] method. You can pass one or more than one arguments or even a range of arguments.Syntax:#[] method  Methods used to access Ruby elements:at methodslice methodfetch methodfirst and last methodtake methoddrop methodFor more information: Click here46) In how many ways items can be added in an array in Ruby?Ruby array elements can be added in different ways.push or <<unshiftinsertFor more information: Click here47) In how many ways items can be removed from array in Ruby?Ruby array elements can be removed in different ways.popshiftdeleteuniqFor more information: Click here48) Explain Ruby hashes.A Ruby hash is a collection of unique keys and their values. They are similar to arrays but array use integer as an index and hash use any object type. They are also called associative arrays, dictionaries or maps.If a hash is accessed with a key that does not exist, the method will return nil.For more information: Click here49) How to create a new time instance in Ruby?A new Time instance can be created with ::new. This will use your current system's time. Parts of time like year, month, day, hour, minute, etc can also be passed.While creating a new time instance, you need to pass at least a year. If only year is passed, then time will default to January 1 of that year at 00:00:00 with current system time zone.For more information: Click here50) Explain Ruby ranges. What are the ways to define ranges?Ruby range represents a set of values with a beginning and an end. They can be constructed using s..e and s...e literals or with ::new.The ranges which has .. in them, run from beginning to end inclusively. The ranges which has ... in them, run exclusively the end value.Ruby has a variety of ways to define ranges.Ranges as sequencesRanges as conditionsRanges as intervalsFor more information: Click here51) What are Ruby iterators?Iterator is a concept used in object-oriented language. Iteration means doing one thing many times like a loop.The loop method is the simplest iterator. They return all the elements from a collection, one after the other. Arrays and hashes come in the category of collection.For more information: Click here52) How many iterators are there in Ruby?Following iterators are there in Ruby:each iteratortimes iteratorupto and downto iteratorstep iteratoreach_line iteratorFor more information: Click here53) Name different methods for IO console in Ruby?The IO console provides different methods to interact with console. The class IO provides following basic methods:IO::consoleIO#raw#raw!IO#cookedIO#cooked!IO#getchFor more information: Click here54) How to open a file in Ruby?A Ruby file can be created using different methods for reading, writing or both.There are two methods to open a file in Ruby.File.new method : Using this method a new file can be created for reading, writing or both.File.open method : Using this method a new file object is created. That file object is assigned to a file.Difference between both the methods is that File.open method can be associated with a block while File.new method can't.Syntax:f = File.new("fileName.rb")  Or,File.open("fileName.rb", "mode") do |f|  For more information: Click here55) How to read a file in Ruby?There are three different methods to read a file.To return a single line, following syntax is used.Syntax:f.gets  code...  To return the whole file after the current position, following syntax is used.Syntax:f.rea  code...  To return file as an array of lines, following syntax is used.Syntax:f.readlines  [code...]  56) Explain class libraries in Ruby.Ruby class libraries contain a variety of domains like thread programming, data types, and various domains. It has additional libraries evolving day by day. The following are the domains which has relevant class libraries.Text processing: File, String, Regexp for quick and clean text processing.CGI Programming: There are supporting class library for CGI programming support like, data base interface, eRuby, mod_ruby for Apache, text processing classes.Network programming: Various well-designed sockets are available in ruby for network programming.GUI programming: Ruby/Tk and Ruby/Gtk are the classes for GUI programmingXML programming: UTF-8 text processing regular expression engine make XML programming very handy in ruby.57) What is sysread method in Ruby?The sysread method is also used to read the content of a file. With the help of this method you can open a file in any mode.For more information: Click here58) How will you rename and delete a file in Ruby?Ruby files are renamed using rename method and deleted using delete mehtod.To rename a file, following syntax is used.Syntax:File.rename("olderName.txt", "newName.txt")  To delete a file, following syntax is used.Syntax:File.delete("filename.txt")  For more information: Click here59) How to check whether a directory exist or not in Ruby?To check whether a directory exists or not exists? Method is used.Syntax:puts Dir.exists? "dirName"  For more information: Click here60) Explain Ruby exceptions.Ruby exception is an object, an instance of the class Exception or descendent of that class. When something goes wrong, Ruby program throws an exceptional behavior. By default Ruby program terminates on throwing an exception.For more information: Click here61) What are some built-in Ruby class exceptions.Built-in subclasses of exception are as follows:NoMemoryErrorScriptErrorSecurityErrorSignalExceptionFor more information: Click here62) How an exception is handled in Ruby?To handle exception, the code that raises exception is enclosed within begin-end block. Using rescue clauses we can state type of exceptions we want to handle.For more information: Click here63) Explain the use of retry statement in Ruby?Usaually in a rescue clause, the exception is captured and code resumes after begin block. Using retry statement, the rescue block code can be resumed from begin after capturing an exception.Syntax:begin  code....  rescue  # capture exceptions  retry # program will run from the begin block  end  For more information: Click here64) Explain raise statement in Ruby?The raise statement is used to raise an exception.Syntax:raise  Or,raise "Error Message"  Or,raise ExceptionType, "Error Message"  Or,raise ExceptionType, "Error Message" condition  For more information: Click here65) Explain the use of ensure statement in Ruby?There is an ensure clause which guarantees some processing at the end of code. The ensure block always run whether an exception is raised or not. It is placed after last rescue clause and will always executed as the block terminates.The ensure block will run at any case whether an exception arises, exception is rescued or code is terminated by uncaught exception.Syntax:begin  code..  #..raise exception  rescue  #.. exception is rescued  ensure  #.. This code will always execute.  end  

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Published - Tue, 06 Dec 2022

Ruby on Rails Interview Questions and Answers

Created by - Admin s

Ruby on Rails Interview Questions and Answers

A list of top frequently asked Ruby on Rails interview questions and answers are given below.1) What is Ruby on Rails?Ruby on Rails is a server-side web application development framework written in Ruby language. It allows you to write less code than other languages and frameworks. It includes everything needed to create database-backed web applications according to MVC pattern.For more information: Click here2) Explain DRY in Rails?DRY stands for Don't Repeat Yourself. It is a principle of software development which states that "Every piece of knowledge must have an authoritative, unambiguous, single representation within a system. If the same part of the code will not repeat again and again, the code will be more maintainable, extensible and less buggy.Play VideoxFor more information: Click here3) What is the current version of Ruby on rails?Rails 5.0.1 was released on December 21, 2016. It introduced Action cable, Turbolinks 5 and API mode.4) Explain CoC in RailsDRY stands for Convention over Configuration. It provides different opinions on the best way to do many things in a web application.For more information: Click here5) Who developed Rails?Ruby on Rails was created by David Heinemeier Hansson (DHH).For more information: Click here6) What are the three methods to install Ruby on Rails?There are three methods to install Ruby on Rails:Using rbenv (recommended)Using rvmFrom sourceFor more information: Click here7) Name some Rails IDE or editor.Ruby on Rails can be used with either a simple text editor or with an IDE.Some of the Rails IDEs are listed below:TextMateEIntellij IDEANetBeansEclipseHerokuAptana StudioRubyMineKuso IDEKomodoRedcarArcadiaIce CoderFor more information: Click here8) What is Rails script? Name some of them?Rails provide some excellent tools that are used to develop a Rails application. These tools are packaged as scripts from command line.Following are the most useful Rails scripts used in Rails application:Rails ConsoleWEBrick Web ServerGeneratorsMigrationsFor more information: Click here9) Are there any disadvantages of Ruby on Rails? If yes, mention them.Some of the features that are not supported by Ruby on rails are:Linking to multiple databases.Inclusion of foreign keys in database.Establishing connection to various databases at a time.Web services related to Soap.10) What is the use of the super function in Ruby on Rails?The super function in Ruby is used to invoke the original method. It calls the superclass implementation of the current method.11) What is Active Record in Rails?A perfect ORM hides the details of a database's relational data behind the object hierarchy. In Rails, ORM is implemented by Active Record which is one of the most critical components of the Rails library.While using Active Record, you have to no longer deal with database constructs like tables, rows or columns. Your application only deals with classes, attributes, and objects.For more information: Click here12) Who designed Active Record in Rails?Active Record is based on a design pattern created by Martin Fowler. From this design pattern only, the Active Record got its name. Its code works very well even with less number of lines. It is quite easy to use. Active Record Rails application does not need any configuration at all if proper naming schemes are followed in your database and classes.For more information: Click here13) Explain model in Rails?The models are classes in Rails. This subsystem is implemented in ActiveRecord library. This library provides an interface between database tables and Ruby program code that manipulates database records.For more information: Click here14) Which command is used to create a migration?C:\ruby\application>ruby script/generate migration table_name      15) Explain the role of 'defined' operator.   The 'defined' operator is used to check whether the expression passed has been defined or not.    16) What is the purpose of the super call?   When we make a call to super, the parent method which has the same arguments as child one is invoked.    17) Write the syntax of each iterator.  The syntax of each iterator is    collection.each do|vairable|  code  end  18) What are the hashes?A hash is a collection of key-value pairs.19) How are blocks created?The syntax for creation of block is:block_name  {      ??.      ??  }  20) What is the naming convention for variables?The name of the variable is given in the lower case, and an underscore separates the different words within the name.21) What is the main difference between procs and blocks?Procs are objects whereas Blocks are a part of the code.22) The string can be represented in single as well as double quotes. What is the difference between the two?The single quote string representation is not allowed to perform string interpolation and process the ASCII escape codes.23) Explain rails migration.With the help of rails migration, Ruby can make changes to the database schema.24) How would you create a controller for the subject?You have to use the following command to create a controller for subject:C:\ruby\library> ruby script/generate controller subject  25) Explain view in Rails?View represent data in a particular format in an application for the users. This subsystem is implemented in ActionView library. This library is an Embedded Ruby (Erb) based system which define presentation templates for data presentation.For more information: Click here26) Explain the controller in Rails?The Controller directs traffic to views and models. This subsystem is implemented in ActionController library. This library is a data broker sitting between ActiveRecord and ActionView.For more information: Click here27) Explain RVM in Rails?RVM stands for Ruby Version Manager. It is a command line tool which allows you to install, manage and work with different Ruby environments efficiently. With RVM, you can easily install different versions of Ruby and quickly switch between them.Syntax:The basic syntax of RVM is,rvm command_options command ruby_to_act_on   For more information: Click here28) What are Gemsets in Rails?Gems in Ruby are used to extend capabilities of core Ruby distribution. They add specific functionalities in programs. Some gems are also installed with Ruby installation to provide specific environments are called gemsets. You can have different versions of the same gem installed in a system.To know all the gems available in Ruby, use the following command:rvm gemset list   For more information: Click here29) Write the command to update RVM in Rails.To upgrade RVM, use the following command:rvm et head   For more information: Click here30) Explain bundler in Rails.Rails bundler provides a constant environment for applications by tracking suitable gems that are needed.To use bundler, use the following command:gem install bundler   For more information: Click here31) Why we use migration in Rails?Migration alters the database schema for an application in a consistent and organized manner by using DSL.Syntax to create a migration file:application_dir> rails generate migration table_name   For more information: Click here32) Write the command to run the migration.rake db:migrate   For more information: Click here33) How does router work in Rails?The Rails router recognizes URLs and dispatches them to a controller's action. It also generates paths and URLs. Rails router deals with URLs differently from other language routers. It determines controller, parameters, and action for the request.Main purpose of Rails routers is:Connecting URLs to codeGenerating paths and URLs from codeFor more information: Click here34) Explain REST in Rails routes.REST is very beneficial to understand routes in Rails. It stands for Representational State Transfer. Several HTTP methods are used with REST to represent the types of actions performed by the user or application.For more information: Click here35) Explain some features of nested scaffolding.The Nested scaffold is the command that generates a set of correctly working nested resource for Rails 4.2 and 5.FeaturesGenerates a nested child resource with a single commandGenerates a beautifully working bunch of codeAutomatically generates appropriate model associations for ActiveRecordHaml readyFor more information: Click here36) In how many ways you can create Rails layout HTTP response.There are three ways to create an HTTP response from the controller's point of view:Call render to create a full response to send back to the browserCall redirect_to to send an HTTP redirect status code to the browserCall head to create a response to end back to the browserFor more information: Click here37) Explain the importance of yield statement in Rails.The yield statement in Rails decides where to render the content for the action in the layout. If there is no yield statement in the layout, the layout file itself will be rendered, but additional content into the action templates will not be correctly placed within the layout.For more information: Click here38) How many filters are there in Rails.Rails filters are methods that run before or after a controller's action method is executed. Rails support three types of filter methods:Before filtersAfter filtersAround filtersFor more information: Click here39) How can you protect filter methods in Rails?All the Ruby methods have at least one of these protection level.Public: These methods are accessible from any external class or method that uses the same class in which they are defined.Protected: These methods are accessible only within the class in which they are defined and in the classes that inherit from the class in which they are defined.Private: These methods are only accessible within the class in which they are defined.For more information: Click here40) Explain testing in Rails.Rails also use a separate database for testing. Rails use Ruby Test::A unit testing library. Rails application test is usually run using Rake utility.Rails support three types of tests:functionalintegrationunit testsFor more information: Click here41) Explain Rails caching levels.Rails caching is available at three levels of granularity:PageActionFragmentFor more information: Click here42) What are Rails validation used for?Rails validation defines valid states for each of your Active Record model classes. They are used to ensure that only valid details are entered into your database.For more information: Click here43) Explain valid and invalid in Rails?The valid? triggers your validations and returns true if no errors are found otherwise, false.The invalid? is simply the reverse of valid?. It triggers your validations and returns true if invalid otherwise, false.For more information: Click here44) Explain Unobtrusive JavaScript in Rails."Unobtrusive JavaScript" technique is considered as the best technique within the frontend community.For more information: Click here45) What is the Symbol Garbage Collector?Passing symbols opens the possibility of several attacks in your system. The symbol garbage collector collects the symbols which prevent your system from several attacks.46) What is Action Cable?It is a framework which is used to extend Rails via WebSockets to add some functionality. It integrates WebSockets with the rest of the Rails application very smoothly. It allows you to add some real-time features to your app quickly.47) Explain the various IDE's of ruby on rails.TextMate:The TextMate is mainly used for the Mac operating system. It allows you to write extensions to the base environment. The extensions plug into TextMate to add new features to the base editor. These extensions are called Bundles.E:The E-text editor is built just like TextMate editor to work on Windows. It replicates many features of the TextMate and even allows to use the TextMate bundles.IntelliJ IDEA:The IntelliJ IDEA is a commercial IDE made of JetBrains. Earlier, it was also used for Java development. JetBrains version 7.0 has added Rails support to the IntelliJ IDEA.NetBeans:The NetBeans is an IDE from Sun. Earlier, it was used for Java development. Sun version 7.0 has added Rails support to the NetBeans.Eclipse:The Eclipse IDE is the most commonly used IDE today. Using a plug-in RadRails, you can add Rails support entirely to the Eclipse environment.Heroku:The Heroku IDE provides a new and unique way of writing Rails application. It is used entirely online to develop applications. You do not need to install any software on your system to use Heroku. It does not support Internet Explorer.Aptana Studio:A product from Aptana is a stand-alone desktop IDE based on Eclipse project. It is quite similar to Eclipse. The Rails features are packaged as a plug-in to the Aptana Studio environment.RubyMine:The RubyMine IDE is a preferable choice for Rubyists. It provides many extra features than other IDEs. One feature it includes clicks and follows. When you click on a function, it will take you to the function being called. This feature comes in handy when multiple functions share the same name and reside in different files and folder. The other features are Git annotate and Git compare.48) What is the rail console?The Rails console is a command line utility which runs Rails application from the command line. The Rails console is an extension of Ruby IRB. It provides all the features of IRB along with the ability to auto-load Rails application environment, including all its classes and components. It helps you to walk through your application step-by-step.49) What are generators in ruby on rails?The rails include code generator scripts, which are used to generate model and controller classes for an application automatically. Code generation increases your productivity when developing web applications. By running generator command, skeleton files for all your model and controller classes will be generated. It also generates database migration files for each model it generates.50) What is a webrick web server?Rails are configured to use WEBrick server automatically. This server is written in pure Ruby and supports almost all platforms like Windows, Mac or Unix. Alternatively, if you have Mongrel or Lighttpd server installed in your system, Rails uses either of those servers.All the three Rails servers feature automatic reloading of code. It means, when you change your source code, you do not need to restart the server.

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Published - Tue, 06 Dec 2022

Pascal Interview Questions and answers

Created by - Admin s

Pascal Interview Questions and answers

There is given Pascal interview questions and answers that has been asked in many companies. Let's see the list of top Pascal interview questions.1) Explain Pascal.Pascal is an imperative and procedural programming language. It was developed in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth. It follows the basics of structured programming and data structuring.2) Why Pascal is named as Pascal?The name Pascal was given in honor of the French mathematician, philosopher and physicist Blaise Pascal.3) Who was the developer of Pascal language?Pascal is designed by Niklaus Wirth.151A Good Phone Lost in 5G Hype!4) Which was the most influential language in Pascal development?Pascal was mainly influenced by ALGOL W language.5) Which languages are influenced by Pascal most?Pascal influenced the following languages:Ada, Component Pascal, Go, Java, Modula, Oberon etc.6) What are some distinguish features of Pascal?Following are some specific features of Pascal:Structured programming language that uses control structures like if-else, repeat-until statement.Provide simplicity and modular approach for machine implementation.Having different data structures that are included with the records, arrays, files, pointers, etc.Offer extensive error checking.Support object oriented programming.7) Why is it named Pascal?It is named in the honor of a great French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal.8) How do you describe a Pascal set?A collection of same type of elements is called a set. The elements in the set are called members. In Pascal, elements are enclosed in square bracket [].9) What is a datatype? What are the different data types included in Pascal?A datatype specifies a range of values that a variable can store. It also includes the set of operations that are performed on different datatypes.Following are the different datatypes in Pascal:ScalarPointerStructuredImage: Pascal-datatype10) What is pointer in Pascal?In Pascal, a pointer is a dynamic variable which specifies the value of another variable. You must declare a pointer before you use it to store any variable address.11) What are different Pointer concepts in Pascal programming?Following is a list of some important pointer concepts used in Pascal programming:Arithmetic pointers: It specifies four arithmetic operators that can be used on pointers i.e. increment, decrement, +, -Array of Pointers: An array can be defined to hold a number of pointers.Pointer to pointer: Pascal facilitates you to use pointer on a pointer and so on.Return a subprograms in Pascal: Pascal facilitates a subprogram to return a pointer.12) What is IP Pascal?IP Pascal stands for Interplatform Pascal. It supports the following platform in its current configuration:Windows /95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP.Linux/86.13) What is unit in Pascal?Modules of Pascal programs are referred as units. A module or unit contains some code blocks, which contain variables and type declarations, statement procedures etc. There are many built-in units in Pascal.14) What is the reason behind using UNITS in Pascal programming?There are three reasons to use UNITS in programming:Simplicity: It simplifies the use of same code in some other programs to do the same job.Easy to handle: It makes handling easy because some large programs are split into smaller section.Easy to call: Putting codes in UNIT, makes it easy to call and use it again.15) What are the different Pascal standards?The first Pascal standard was documented by the author of the Pascal programming language Niklaus Wirth but it was an unofficial Pascal standard.The first official standard was ISO 7185 issued in 1983. It was followed by the extended standard ISO 10206 in 1990. Another standard Object-Oriented Extension to Pascal was introduced but never completed due to lack of interest.16) What is constant in Pascal? What constants are declared in Pascal?An entity which doesn't change is called constant. It remains unchanged during program execution. Following constants are declared in Pascal:Ordinal typesSet typesPointer types (Only nil value is allowed).Real typesCharString17) Write syntax to declare constants in Pascal.Syntax:const  identifier = constant_value;  18) What are the REPORT methods for which the portability is given in Pascal?There are two REPORT methods for portability:Application: It contains a guideline which facilitates you to use implementation and features according to the compiler, to make the application more portable.Compiler: It is used to implement the language that is likely to implement the features like determining of the types compatible with one another.19) How can you define a string in Pascal?A string can be defined in many ways:As a string variablesAs a short stringsAs a character arraysAs a null terminated stringsAs a ansiStrings20) What is the control structure used in Pascal?Pascal uses structure programming language to display the flow of control in a structured manner.Pascal uses the goto statement as a standard statement that allows the control to be given to the main program in a recursive manner.Pascal provides more easy way to represent them without using the semicolon to end the statements written in one line.Pascal uses loops as a control structure to represent the statements and uses assignment operators to assign the values to the variables.21) What is the usage of Extension in Pascal?Extension makes the program more clean and portable to use by providing the interfaces to be used in programs.22) Is Pascal designed to be a teaching language?OrWhy Pascal is called teaching language?It is often said that Pascal is a toy language and not to built for real-world programming. Check, what the father of Python Niklaus Wirth said:"Occasionally, it has been claimed that Pascal was designed as a language for teaching. Although it is correct, its use in teaching was not the only goal. In fact, I don't believe in using tools and formalisms in teaching that are inadequate for any practical task." - Niklaus Wirth from the 1984 ACM A.M. Turing award lecture23) What is the difference between apple Pascal and UCSD Pascal?UCSD Pascal: UCSD Pascal is a Pascal programming language system, run on UCSD p-system a portable, highlymachine-independent operating system.Apple Pascal:Apple Pascal is a language and operating system based on the UCSD Pascal system.24) What is the difference between Turbo and Standard Pascal?The Turbo Pascal uses dynamic variables and pointers to show the standard procedures like new, mark and release. Whereas, standard Pascal doesn't use dynamic variables and uses procedures like new and dispose.Turbo Pascal is more efficient, faster and doesn't require the support code that offers the compatibility factor. Whereas, Standard Pascal doesn't, accept the record specifications for their standard procedures.Turbo Pascal is using the local variables that are handled in the recursion phase and it also passes the recursive calls to others. Whereas, Standard Pascal doesn't, make use of recursion for their subprograms.Turbo Pascal doesn't use the Get and Put methods but instead of that there is a use of Read and write procedures that extend the functionality of the I/O methods. Whereas, it supports the use of get and put methods.Turbo Pascal doesn't implement the standard page procedure as the operating system doesn't define the form-feed character.25) What is the difference between Modern Pascal and Standard Pascal?Standard Pascal is less secure and more ambiguous while programming or coding. Whereas, Modern Pascal provides more securities and fewer ambiguities while programming or coding.Modern Pascal provides backward compatibility by the use of functions and procedures with their parameters. Whereas, standard Pascal doesn't provide this kind approach and doesn't follow the backward compatibility.Modern Pascal provides Var parameters to be used with the procedures and functions and make advancement over the standard Pascal.Modern Pascal provides the definitive type of compatibility with its parameters and the symbols used. Whereas, standard Pascal doesn't provide anything related to the symbols.Modern Pascal allows the removal of the length of the symbol that is limited. Whereas, standard Pascal doesn't remove the symbol length limit.26) What are the different insecurities involved in Pascal?Following are the main insecurities involved in Pascal:Infinite loop: This is an area that makes the program to run for a longer period of time and it becomes hard to control and terminate it.Insecure variants: the variants used should be able to change the pointer to an integer or vise versa this can create errors when writing big programs.27) Is there any Freeware Pascal compiler?Yes. One of the most recent and active freeware Pascal compilers is FPK Pascal. It is a 32 bit Turbo Pascal compatible compiler system for DOS and OS/2.28) What is the Pascal compiler used on HPCVL machines?The Pascal compiler installed on the Sun Fire system of HPCVL is the Gnu Pascal Compiler (GPC). It is a public-domain compiler that has a great deal of extensions and compatibility features built within it. It is portable.

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Published - Tue, 06 Dec 2022

Memcached Interview Questions

Created by - Admin s

Memcached Interview Questions

A list of top frequently asked Memcached interview questions and answers are given below.1) What is Memcached?Memcached is a general-purpose free and open source, high performance, distributed memory object caching system. It is used to speed up database-driven websites by caching data and objects in RAM.In simple words, you can say that Memcached is a component which stores data temporally for 1hour/ 6 hour/ 12 hours/ 1 day, etc. and you can integrate this component with your applications to increase their performance.2) In which language Memcached is written and who is the author?Memcached is written in "C language". It was developed by Brad Fitzpatrick in 2003. Initially, it is developed for LiveJournal, but now it is used by Wikipedia, Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, Netlog, YouTube, etc.Play Videox3) How Memcached works?See the following steps to understand how Memcached works:Memcached first tries to get the detail of the user, and the browser sends the request to the application.An application calls the Memcached for a particular user.If Result found in Memcached, Return the result from Memcached.If Result Not found in Memcached, Application sends the request to the database and save the result in Memcached.Each Memcached have one unique key.Get/Set the data work on behalf of the key.You can also delete one or more keys.You can also assign tags to one/more keys.4) When was the first version of Memcached launched?The first version of Memcached was launched on May 22, 2003.5) What is the usage of Memcached? In which types of websites, it is generally used?Memcached is used to increase the speed of dynamic database driven websites. It caches data and objects in RAM to reduce the execution time.It is generally used:In social networking sites for profile caching.For content aggregation i.e. HTML/Page caching.In E-commerce websites for Session and HTML caching.In location-based services for database query scaling.In gaming and entertainment services for session caching.It can also be used to track cookie/ profile for ad targeting.6) What is the best usage of Memcached?Best usage of Memcached:It is easy to install in Windows as well as in the UNIX operating system.It provides API integration for all the major languages like Java, PHP, C/C++, Python, Ruby, Perl, etc.It enhances the performance of web application by caching.It reduces the burden of the database server.It facilitates you to delete one or more values.It facilitates you to update the values of keys.7) What are the drawbacks/ limitations of Memcached?A list of the limitations or drawbacks of Memcached:Memcached cannot store data persistently and permanently.Memcached is not a database. It stores only temporary data.Memcached cannot cache large objects.Memcached is not application specific.Memcached is not fault-tolerant or highly available.8) In which conditions cache cannot retain the stored information?The cache cannot retain the stored information in following conditions:When the allocated memory for the cache is exhausted.When an item from the cache is deleted.When an individual item in the cache is expired.9) What is the difference between Memcache and Memcached?Difference between Memcache and Memcached:Table:MemcacheMemcachedMemcache module provides handy procedural and object-oriented interface to Memcached.Memcached is a high-performance, distributed memory object caching system.Memcache is an extension that allows you to work through handy object-oriented (OOP's) and procedural interfaces.Memcached is an extension that uses the libMemcached library to provide API for communicating with Memcached servers.The Memcache module provides a session handler (Memcache).The Memcached provides a session handler (Memcached).It is designed to reduce database load in dynamic web applications.It is used to increase the dynamic web applications by reducing database load. It is the latest API.10) Can we share a single instance of Memcache between multiple projects?Yes, we can share a single instance of Memcache between multiple projects because being a memory storage space, Memcache can be run on one or more servers. In Memcache, you can also configure your client to speak to a particular set of instances.We can also run two different Memcache processes on the same host being completely independent and without any interference. If you partition your data, it is important to know from which instance to get the data from or to put into.11) Explain the differences between SAP HANA and Memcached?SAP HANA is an in-memory RDBMS and mostly used for accelerating SAP applications while Memcached is a key/value caching system and used for accessing both RDBMS and NoSQL databases.12) How to connect Memcached server with telnet command?By using telnet hostname portNumber command, you can connect Memcached server with telnet command.Syntax$telnet HOST PORT  ExampleThe given example shows that how to connect to a Memcached server and execute a simple set and get command. Let's assume that the server of Memcached is running on host 127.0.0.1 and port 11211.$telnet 127.0.0.1 11211  Trying 127.0.0.1...  Connected to 127.0.0.1.  Escape character is '^]'.  // store data and get that data from server  set javatpoint 0 900 9  memcached  STORED  get javatpoint  VALUE javatpoint 0 9  memcached  END  13) How to get the value of key?By using the get command, you can get the value of the key.Syntaxget key  ExampleIn the given example, we use javatpoint as the key and store Memcached in it with an expiration time of 900 seconds.import net.spy.memcached.MemcachedClient;  public class MemcachedJava {     public static void main(String[] args) {        // Connecting to Memcached server on localhost        MemcachedClient mcc = new MemcachedClient(new        InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 11211));        System.out.println("Connection to server sucessfully");        System.out.println("set status:"+mcc.set("javatpoint", 900, "memcached").done);              // Get value from cache        System.out.println("Get from Cache:"+mcc.get("javatpoint"));     }  }  14) How to set the value of key?By using set command, you can set the value of the key.Syntaxset key flags exptime bytes [noreply]   value   ExampleIn the given example, we use javatpoint as the key and set value Memcached in it with an expiration time of 900 seconds.set javatpoint 0 900 9  memcached  STORED  get javatpoint  VALUE javatpoint 0 9  Memcached  END  15) How to add value in the key?By using add command, you can add value in the key.Syntaxadd key flags exptime bytes [noreply]  value  ExampleIn the given example, we use "key" as the key and add the value Memcached in it with 900 seconds expiration time.add key 0 900 9  memcached  STORED  get key  VALUE key 0 9  Memcached  END  16) How to replace the value of the key?By using replace command, you can replace the value of the key.Syntaxreplace key flags exptime bytes [noreply]  value  ExampleIn the given example, we use "key" as the key and add the value Memcached in it with 900 seconds expiration time. After this, the same key is replaced with the "redis".add key 0 900 9  memcached  STORED  get key  VALUE key 0 9  memcached  END  replace key 0 900 5  redis  get key  VALUE key 0 5  redis  END  17) How to append the value of the key?By using append command, you can append the value of the key.Syntaxappend key flags exptime bytes [noreply]  value  ExampleIn the given example, we are trying to add some data in a key that does not exist. Hence, NOT_STORED is returned by Memcached. After this, we set one key and append data into it.append javatpoint 0 900 5  redis  NOT_STORED  set javatpoint 0 900 9  memcached  STORED  get javatpoint  VALUE javatpoint 0 14  memcached  END  append javatpoint 0 900 5  redis  STORED  get javatpoint  VALUE javatpoint 0 14  memcachedredis  END  18) How to prepend value of key?By using prepend command, you can prepend value of the key.Syntaxprepend key flags exptime bytes [noreply]  value  ExampleIn the given example, we are trying to add some data in a key that does not exist. Hence, NOT_STORED is returned by Memcached. After this, we set one key and prepend data into it.prepend tutorials 0 900 5  redis  NOT_STORED  set tutorials 0 900 9  memcached  STORED  get tutorials  VALUE tutorials 0 14  memcached  END  prepend tutorials 0 900 5  redis  STORED  get tutorials  VALUE tutorials 0 14  redismemcached  END  19) How to delete the key?By using delete command, you can delete the key.Syntaxdelete key [noreply]  ExampleIn the given example, we use javatpoint as a key and add the value Memcached in it with 900 seconds expiration time. After this, it deletes the stored key.set javatpoint 0 900 9  memcached  STORED  get javatpoint  VALUE javatpoint 0 9  memcached  END  delete javatpoint  DELETED  get javatpoint  END  delete javatpoint  NOT_FOUND  20) How to show the stats?By using stats command, you can show the stats.Syntaxstats  Examplestats  STAT pid 1162  STAT uptime 5022  STAT time 1415208270  STAT version 1.4.14  STAT libevent 2.0.19-stable  STAT pointer_size 64  STAT rusage_user 0.096006  STAT rusage_system 0.152009  STAT curr_connections 5  STAT total_connections 6    STAT connection_structures 6  STAT reserved_fds 20  STAT cmd_get 6  STAT cmd_set 4  STAT cmd_flush 0  STAT cmd_touch 0  STAT get_hits 4  STAT get_misses 2  STAT delete_misses 1  STAT delete_hits 1    STAT incr_misses 2  STAT incr_hits 1  STAT decr_misses 0  STAT decr_hits 1  STAT cas_misses 0  STAT cas_hits 0  STAT cas_badval 0  STAT touch_hits 0  STAT touch_misses 0  STAT auth_cmds 0    STAT auth_errors 0  STAT bytes_read 262  STAT bytes_written 313  STAT limit_maxbytes 67108864  STAT accepting_conns 1  STAT listen_disabled_num 0  STAT threads 4  STAT conn_yields 0  STAT hash_power_level 16    STAT hash_bytes 524288  STAT hash_is_expanding 0  STAT expired_unfetched 1  STAT evicted_unfetched 0  STAT bytes 142  STAT curr_items 2  STAT total_items 6  STAT evictions 0  STAT reclaimed 1  END  21) How to get the versions?By using Version command, you can get the versions.22) How to close the connection?By using the Quit command, you can close the connection.23) How would you update Memcached when data changes?There are two methods to update Memchached when data changes:By clearing the cache proactively: You can update Memcached by clearing the cache while insertion or updation is made.By resetting the cache: It is slightly similar to the first method, but it doesn't delete the keys and wait for the next request for the data to refresh the cache, it resets the values after the insert or update.24) What is Dogpile effect? How can you prevent this effect?If the cache expires, and websites are hit by multiple requests made by the client at the same time, this effect is known as Dogpile effect.This effect can be prevented by using a semaphore lock. In this system when value expires, the first process acquires the lock and starts generating new value.25) What happens to the data stored in Memcached when server accidentally gets shut down?In Memcached, data is not permanently stored. It is not a durable data so, if the server is shut down or restarted, all the data stored in Memcached will be deleted.26) If you have multiple Memcache servers and one of the Memcache servers fails which has your data, will it ever try to get key data from that one failed server?The data in the failed server won't get removed, but there is a provision for auto-failure, which can be configured for multiple nodes. Fail-over can be triggered during any socket or Memcached server level errors and not during normal client errors like adding an existing key, etc.27) How can you minimize the Memcached server outages?Following are the methods to minimize the Memcached server outage:When one instance fails, several of them go down, this situation will put larger load on the database server when the client reloaded the lost data. To avoid this, you should write your code to minimize cache stampedes, and it will leave a comparatively less impact.You can bring up an instance of Memcached on a new machine using the lost machines IP address.The Code is another option to minimize server outages as it gives you the liberty to change the Memcached server list with minimal work.Setting timeout value is another option that some Memcached clients implement for Memcached server outage. When your Memcached server goes down, the client will keep trying to send a request till the time-out limit is reached.

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Published - Tue, 06 Dec 2022

Go Interview Questions and Answers

Created by - Admin s

Go Interview Questions and Answers

A list of top frequently asked Go Programming interview questions and answers are given below.1) What is Go programming language?GO is an open source programming language developed at Google. It is also known as Golang. This language is designed primarily for system programming.2) Why should one use Go programming language?Because Go is an open source programming language so, it is very easy to build simple, reliable and efficient software.3) Who is known as the father of Go programming language?Go programming language is designed by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is developed at Google Inc. in 2009.Play Videox4) What are packages in Go program?Go programs are made up of packages. The program starts running in package main. This program is using the packages with import paths "fmt" and "math/rand".5) Does Go support generic programming?Go programming language doesn't provide support for generic programming.6) Is Go a case sensitive language?Yes! Go is a case sensitive programming language.7) What is a string literal in Go programming?A string literals specifies a string constant that is obtained from concatenating a sequence of characters.There are two types of string literals:Raw string literals: The value of raw string literals are character sequence between back quotes ". Its value is specified as a string literal that composed of the uninterrupted character between quotes.Interpreted string literals: It is shown between double quotes " ". The value of the literal is specified as text between the double quotes which may not contain newlines.8) What is workspace in Go?A workspace contains Go code. A workspace is a directory hierarchy with three directories at its root."src" directory contains GO source files organized into packages."pkg" directory contains package objects."bin" directory contains executable commands9) What is the default value of type bool in Go programming?"false" is the default value of type "bool".10) What is GOPATH environment variable in go programming?The GOPATH environment variable specifies the location of the workspace. You must have to set this environment variable while developing Go code.11) What are the advantages/ benefits of Go programming language?Advantages/ Benefits of Go programming language:Go is fast and compiles very quickly.It supports concurrency at the language level.It has Garbage collection.It supports various safety features and CSP-style concurrent programming features.Strings and Maps are built into the language.Functions are first class objects in this language.12) What are the several built-in supports in Go?A list of built-in supports in Go:Container: container/list,container/heapWeb Server: net/httpCryptography: Crypto/md5 ,crypto/sha1Compression: compress/ gzipDatabase: database/sql13) What is goroutine in Go programming language?A goroutine is a function which usually runs concurrently with other functions. If you want to stop goroutine, you pass a signal channel to the goroutine, that signal channel pushes a value into when you want the goroutine to stop.The goroutine polls that channel regularly as soon as it detects a signal, it quits.Quit : = make (chan bool)  go func ( ) {  for  {  select {  case For example:'line  1  line  2  line  3 '  15) What is the usage of break statement in Go programming language?The break statement is used to terminate the for loop or switch statement and transfer execution to the statement immediately following the for loop or switch.16) What is the usage of continue statement in Go programming language?The continue statement facilitates the loop to skip the remainder of its body and immediately retest its condition prior to reiterating.17) What is the usage of goto statement in Go programming language?The goto statement is used to transfer control to the labeled statement.18) Explain the syntax for 'for' loop.The syntax of a for loop in Go programming language is:for [condition |  ( init; condition; increment ) | Range]  {     statement(s);  }  19) Write the syntax to create a function in Go programming language?Syntax to create a function in Go:func function_name( [parameter list] ) [return_types]  {     body of the function  }   20) Explain static type declaration of variable in Go programming language?Static type variable declaration is used to provide assurance to the compiler that there is one variable in the given type and name so that there is no need for compiler to know complete detail about the variable for further processing. A variable declaration has its meaning at the time of compilation only, compiler needs actual variable declaration at the time of linking of the program.21) Explain dynamic type declaration of a variable in Go programming language?A dynamic type variable declaration needs a compiler to interpret the type of variable according to the value passed to it. Compilers don't need a variable to have type statically as a necessary requirement.22) How would you print type of variable in Go?You have to use the following code to print the type of a variable:var a, b, c = 3, 4, "foo"    fmt.Printf("a is of type %T\n", a)  23) What is a pointer in Go?A pointer is used to hold the address of a variable.For example:   var x = 5  var p *int  p = &x  fmt.Printf("x = %d", *p)  Here x can be accessed by *p.24) How a pointer is represented in Go?In Go, a pointer is represented by using the *(asterisk) character followed by the type of the stored value.25) Is it true that short variable declaration := can be used only inside a function?Yes. A short variable declaration := can be used only inside a function.26) How can you format a string without printing?You should the following command to format a string without printing:return fmt.Sprintf ("at %v, %s" , e.When , e.What )27) What is Syntax like in Go programming language?The GO programming language syntax is specified using Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF):Production = production_name "=" [ Expression ]Expression = Alternative { "l" Alternative }Alternative = Term { Term }Term = Production_name l token [ "?"token] l Group l Option l RepetitionGroup = " ( "" Expression")"Option = " [ " Expression "" ]"Repetition = " {" Expression "}"28) Does Go programming language support type inheritance?Go programming language doesn't provide support for type inheritance.29) Does Go programming language support operator overloading?Go programming language doesn't provide support for operator overloading.30) Does Go support method overloading?Go programming language doesn't provide support for method overloading.31) Does Go support pointer arithmetics?Go programming language doesn't provide support for pointer arithmetic.32) What will be the output of the following code?package main  import "fmt"   const (          i = 7         j          k    )  func main() {   fmt.Println(i, j, k)  }  Ans:777 33) What is Go Interfaces?In GO, interfaces is a way to identify the behavior of an object. An interface is created by using the "type" word, followed by a name and the keyword interface. An interface is specified as two things.A set of methods.Also it is referred as type.34) What is Type assertion in Go? What does it do?A type assertion takes an interface value and retrieves from it a value of the specified explicit type.Type conversion is used to convert dissimilar types in GO.35) What are the different methods in Go programming language?In Go programming language there are several different types of functions called methods. In method declaration syntax, a "receiver" is used to to represent the container of the function. This receiver can be used to call function using "." operator.36) What is the default value of a local variable in Go?The default value of a local variable is as its corresponding 0 value.37) What is default value of a global variable in Go?The default value of a local variable is as its corresponding 0 value.38) What is the default value of a pointer variable in Go?In Go programming language, the pointer is initialized to nil.39) How can you check a variable type at runtime in Go programming language?In Go programming language, there is a special type of switch dedicated to check variable type at runtime. This switch is referred as type switch.40) Is it recommended to use Global Variables in a program that implements go routines?Global variables are not recommended because they may get accessed by multiple go routines (threads) concurrently and this can easily lead to an unexpected behavior causing arbitrary results.41) What do you know about modular programming?Modular programming is a way to divide the program in to sub programs (modules / function) to achieve maximum efficiency.More generic functions definition facilitates you to re-use the functions, such as built-in library functions.

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Published - Tue, 06 Dec 2022

OpenStack Interview Questions and Answers

Created by - Admin s

OpenStack Interview Questions and Answers

OpenStack Interview QuestionsA list of top frequently asked OpenStack interview questions and answers are given below.1) Explain OpenStack.OpenStack is an open source and free set of software tools or cloud computing platform which is used for managing and building cloud computing platform for private and public cloud.OpenStack is referred as the future of Cloud Computing.2) What are the modular architectural components of OpenStack?Following is a list of OpenStack modular architectural components:69.1M1.1KHello Java Program for BeginnersDashboardComputeNetworkingObject StorageBlock StorageIdentity serviceImage ServiceTelemetryOrchestrationDatabase Service etc.3) What are the advantages/benefits of using OpenStack?Advantages/Benefits of using OpenStack:OpenStack can be used to develop any software as a service (SAAS) applications, for new developments or to improve existing solutions.It can be used as a strong foundation to deliver self-service storage to IT users.It provides easy to handle storage at lower costs.It can deliver on-demand objective or block storage with higher scalability.An enterprise can save a lot of licensing fees by switching virtual machines running on VMware to OpenStack.4) What is "role" and "tenant" in OpenStack?role: It specifies the authorization level of the user.Tenant: It specifies a group of users.5) What are the storage types allowed by OpenStack compute?OpenStack supports two types of storage:1. Persistent Storage or volume storage2. Ephemeral StoragePersistent Storage / Volume Storage: It is persistent and independent of any particular instance. This storage is created by users. There are three types of persistent storage:Object storage: It is used to access binary objects through the REST API.Block storage: It offers access-to-block storage devices by affixing volumes their current VM instances.Shared File System storage: It provides a set of services to manage multiple files together for storage and exchange with multiple users at one time.Ephemeral Storage: The ephemeral storage specifies a single instance. It is a temporary and short-lived storage that is disappeared once the VM is terminated.6) What is hypervisor? Which type of hypervisors are supported in OpenStack?Hypervisor is a software or hardware tool which is used to create and run a virtual machine. OpenStack supports a variety of hypervisors like VMware, Citrix, and Microsoft etc.7) Which is the most important identity service in OpenStack?Keystone is the most important and preferred Identity Service in OpenStack. It executes the complete OpenStack Identity API.8) What are the different networking options used in OpenStack?The networking options used in Open Stack are:Flat DHCP Network Manager: It is used to fetch IP addresses from the subnet for VM instances but IP addresses to VM are assigned via DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).Flat Network Manager: It is used to fetch IP addresses from the subnet for VM instances, and then injected into the image on launch.VLAN Network Manager: : VLAN provides more secure and separate network to VMs. It has a physical switch to offer separate virtual network and separate IP range and bridge for each tenant. It is more preferable choice.9) Which commands are used to pause and un-pause (resume) an instance?For Pausing: $nova pause INSTANCE_NAMEFor Un-pausing: $novaunpause INSTANCE_NAME10) Where the OpenStack images are stored?Glance is the image manager for OpenStack. So OpneStack images are stored in:Default: /var/lib/glance/images/  11) What is Token in OpenStack?Token is a type of authentication like password-based validation. It is generated when the user inserts the credential and authenticate as a keystone user then Tokens can be used to access OpenStack services without any revalidation.12) How can you create a Token?Users first need to authenticate their Keystone credentials to create a token.13) Explain is OpenStack Python SDK?Python SDK (Software Development Kit) is used to help users to write applications for performing automation tasks in Python by calling Python objects.It provides a platform to work with multiple OpenStack services at one place.14) Explain is the role of API server in OpenStack?In OpenStack, an API server provides an interface for the external world to interact with the cloud infrastructure.15) What are the commands used to generate key pairs in OpenStack?Commands used to generate key pairs in OpenStack:ssh-keygencd.sshnova keypair-add -pub_key id_rsa.pub mykey16) Which hardware is required for networking in OpenStack?In OpenStack,networking can be done with following hardware:NetworksRoutersSubnetsPortsVendor Plugins17) Which command is used to manage floating IP addresses in OpenStack?nova floating-ip-*18) Explain the usage of Cinder in OpenStack?OpenStack Cinder is used to handle block storage in the context of OpenStack.19) What is the use of $ nova floating-ip-pool-list command in OpenStack?The $ nova floating-ip-pool-list command is used to list IP address information in OpenStack.20) Explain the term "flavor" in OpenStack?The term "flavor" is an available hardware configuration for a server, which defines the size of a virtual server that can be launched.

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General Aptitude
General Aptitude
What is General Aptitude?An exam called general aptitude is used to evaluate an applicant’s aptitude. To address challenging and intricate situations, logic is used in the process. It is an excellent method for determining a person’s degree of intelligence. Determining whether the applicant is mentally fit for the position they are applying for is a solid strategy.Regardless of the level of experience a candidate has, a general aptitude test enables the recruiter to gauge how well the candidate can carry out a task.Because of this, practically all tests, including those for the UPSC, Gate, and job recruiting, include general aptitude questions. To assist all types of students, a large range of general aptitude books are readily available on the market.What are the different types of general aptitude tests?A candidate’s aptitude and intellect can be assessed using the broad category of general aptitude, which covers a wide range of topics. These assessments aid in determining a candidate’s capacity for logic, language, and decision-making. Let’s examine the several general aptitude test categories that are mentioned as follows:Verbal AbilityAbility to Analyzenumerical aptitudespatial awarenessDifferent general aptitude syllabi are used for exams like Gate, UPSC, CSIR, Law, etc.Structure of Aptitude TestThe next step is to comprehend how the general aptitude test is structured. Depending on the type of exam, it often consists of multiple-choice questions and answers organised into various sections. However, the test’s format remains the same and is as follows:Multiple-choice questions are present in every segment.The assignment may include contain mathematical calculations or true-false questions.The inquiry is designed to gather data as rapidly as possible and offer accurate responses.Additionally, it evaluates the candidate’s capacity for time management.Additionally, many competitive tests feature negative markings that emphasise a candidate’s decision-making under pressure.Tips to ace the Aptitude TestCandidates who are taking their general aptitude tests can benefit from some tried-and-true advice. They include some of the following:An aptitude test can be passed with practise. Your chances of passing the exam increase as you practise more.Knowing everything there is to know about the test format beforehand is the second time-saving tip.If you take a practise test, which will help you identify your strong or time-consuming area, pay closer attention.In these tests, time management is crucial, so use caution.Prior to the exam, remain calm.Before the exam, eat well and get enough sleep.Spend as little time as possible on any one question. If you feel trapped, change to a different one.Exam guidelines should be carefully readPractice Questions on General AptitudeSince we went through an array of important topics for General Aptitude above, it is also important to practice these concepts as much as possible. To help you brush up your basics of General aptitude, we have created a diversified list of questions on this section that you must practice.Q1. For instance, if 20 workers are working on 8 hours to finish a particular work process in 21 days, then how many hours are going to take for 48 workers to finish the same task in 7 days?A.12B. 20C. 10D. 15Answer: 10 Q2. If a wholesaler is earning a profit amount of 12% in selling books with 10% of discount on the printed price. What would be the ratio of cost price which is printed in the book?A. 45:56B. 50: 61C. 99:125D. None of theseAnswers: 45:56Q3. Let’s say it takes 8 hours to finish 600 kilometers of the trip. Say we will complete 120 kilometers by train and the remaining journey by car. However, it will take an extra 20 minutes by train and the remaining by car. What would be the ratio of the speed of the train to that of the car?A. 3:5B. 3:4C. 4:3D. 4:5Answer: B Q4. What is the value of m3+n3 + 3mn if m+n is equal to 1?A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 3Answer: 1Q5. Let’s assume subject 1 and subject 2 can work on a project for 12 consecutive days. However, subject 1 can complete the work in 30 days. How long it will take for the subject 2 to finish the project?A:  18 daysB:  20 daysC: 15 daysD: 22 daysAnswer: 20 DaysExploring General Aptitude Questions? Check Out Our Exclusive GK Quiz!Q6. What is known as a point equidistant which is vertices of a triangle?A. IncentreB. CircumcentreC. OrthocentreD. CentroidAnswer: CircumcentreQ7. What is the sum of the factors of 4b2c2 – (b2 + c2 – a2) 2?A. a+b+cB. 2 (a+b+c)C. 0D. 1Answer: 2(a+b+c)While practising these General Aptitude questions, you must also explore Quantitative Aptitude!Q8: What is the role of boys in the school if 60% of the students in a particular school are boys and 812 girls?A. 1128B. 1218C. 1821D. 1281Answer: 1218 Q9. Suppose cos4θ – sin4θ = 1/3, then what is the value of tan2θ?A. 1/2B. 1/3C. 1/4D. 1/5Answer: 1/2 Q10:  What could be the value of tan80° tan10° + sin270° + sin20° is  tan80° tan10° + sin270° + sin20°?A. 0B. 1C. 2D. √3/2Answer: 2Recommended Read: Reasoning QuestionsFAQsIs the general aptitude test unbiased?Yes, these exams are created to provide each candidate taking them a fair advantage.How do I get ready for an all-purpose aptitude test?The most important thing is to obtain the exam’s syllabus and then study in accordance with it.Is it appropriate to take a practise exam to get ready for an aptitude test?Absolutely, practise is essential to ace the aptitude test. Several online study portals offer practise exams for a specific exam to assist you with the same.What are the types of aptitude?Some of the types of aptitude are mentioned belowLogical aptitude.Physical aptitude.Mechanical aptitude.Spatial aptitude.STEM aptitude.Linguistic aptitude.Organisational aptitude.What is an example of a general aptitude test?The Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) can be taken as a general aptitude test.Hence, we hope that this blog has helped you understand what general aptitude is about as well as some essential topics and questions under this section. If you are planning for a competitive exam like GMAT, SAT, GRE or IELTS, and need expert guidance, sign up for an e-meeting with our Leverage Edu mentors and we will assist you throughout your exam preparation, equipping you with study essentials as well as exam day tips to help you soar through your chosen test with flying colours!

Fri, 16 Jun 2023

LabCorp Interview Questions & Answers:
LabCorp Interview Questions & Answers:
1. What type of people do you not work well with?Be very careful answering this question as most organization employ professionals with an array of personalities and characteristics. You don't want to give the impression that you're going to have problems working with anyone currently employed at the organization. If you through out anything trivial you're going to look like a whiner. Only disloyalty to the organization or lawbreaking should be on your list of personal characteristics of people you can't work with.2. How did you hear about the position At LabCorp?Another seemingly innocuous interview question, this is actually a perfect opportunity to stand out and show your passion for and connection to the company and for job At LabCorp. For example, if you found out about the gig through a friend or professional contact, name drop that person, then share why you were so excited about it. If you discovered the company through an event or article, share that. Even if you found the listing through a random job board, share what, specifically, caught your eye about the role.3. Your client is upset with you for a mistake you made, how do you react?Acknowledge their pain - empathize with them. Then apologize and offer a solution to fix the mistake.4. How well do you know our company?Well, a developed company that is gradually building their reputation in the competitive world.5. Tell me why do you want this job At LabCorp?Bad Answer: No solid answer, answers that don't align with what the job actually offers, or uninspired answers that show your position is just another of the many jobs they're applying for.Good answer: The candidate has clear reasons for wanting the job that show enthusiasm for the work and the position, and knowledge about the company and job.6. Tell me about a problem that you've solved in a unique or unusual way. What was the outcome? Were you happy or satisfied with it?In this question the interviewer is basically looking for a real life example of how you used creativity to solve a problem.7. What can you offer me that another person can't?This is when you talk about your record of getting things done. Go into specifics from your resume and portfolio; show an employer your value and how you'd be an asset.You have to say, “I'm the best person for the job At LabCorp. I know there are other candidates who could fill this position, but my passion for excellence sets me apart from the pack. I am committed to always producing the best results. For example…”8. What education or training have you had that makes you fit for this profession At LabCorp?This would be the first question asked in any interview. Therefore, it is important that you give a proper reply to the question regarding your education. You should have all the documents and certificates pertaining to your education and/or training, although time may not allow the interviewer to review all of them.9. If you were given more initiatives than you could handle, what would you do?First prioritize the important activities that impact the business most. Then discuss the issue of having too many initiatives with the boss so that it can be offloaded. Work harder to get the initiatives done.10. What do you consider to be your greatest achievement so far and why?Be proud of your achievement, discuss the results, and explain why you feel most proud of this one. Was it the extra work? Was it the leadership you exhibited? Was it the impact it had?Download Interview PDF 11. What is your dream job?There is almost no good answer to this question, so don't be specific. If you tell the interviewer that the job you're applying for with his/her company is the perfect job you may loose credibility if you don't sound believable (which you probably won't if you're not telling the truth.) If you give the interviewer some other job the interviewer may get concerned that you'll get dissatisfied with the position if you're hired. Again, don't be specific. A good response could be, “A job where my work ethic and abilities are recognized and I can make a meaningful difference to the organization.”12. Are you currently looking at other job opportunities?Just answer this question honestly. Sometime an employer wants to know if there are other companies you're considering so that they can determine how serious you are about the industry, they're company and find out if you're in demand. Don't spend a lot of time on this question; just try to stay focused on the job you're interviewing for.13. Why do you want this job At LabCorp?This question typically follows on from the previous one. Here is where your research will come in handy. You may want to say that you want to work for a company that is Global Guideline, (market leader, innovator, provides a vital service, whatever it may be). Put some thought into this beforehand, be specific, and link the company's values and mission statement to your own goals and career plans.14. What did you dislike about your old job?Try to avoid any pin point , like never say “I did not like my manager or I did not like environment or I did not like team” Never use negative terminology. Try to keep focus on every thing was good At LabCorp , I just wanted to make change for proper growth.15. If you were hiring a person for this job At LabCorp, what would you look for?Discuss qualities you possess required to successfully complete the job duties.16. If the company you worked for was doing something unethical or illegal, what would you do?Report it to the leaders within the company. True leaders understand business ethics are important to the company's longevity17. Tell me a difficult situation you have overcome in the workplace?Conflict resolution, problem solving, communication and coping under pressure are transferable skills desired by many employers At LabCorp.Answering this question right can help you demonstrate all of these traits.☛ Use real-life examples from your previous roles that you are comfortable explaining☛ Choose an example that demonstrates the role you played in resolving the situation clearly☛ Remain professional at all times – you need to demonstrate that you can keep a cool head and know how to communicate with people18. Tell us something about yourself?Bad Answer: Candidates who ramble on about themselves without regard for information that will actually help the interviewer make a decision, or candidates who actually provide information showing they are unfit for the job.Good answer: An answer that gives the interviewer a glimpse of the candidate's personality, without veering away from providing information that relates to the job. Answers should be positive, and not generic.19. How do you handle confidentiality in your work?Often, interviewers will ask questions to find out the level of technical knowledge At LabCorp that a candidate has concerning the duties of a care assistant. In a question such as this, there is an opportunity to demonstrate professional knowledge and awareness. The confidentiality of a person's medical records is an important factor for a care assistant to bear in mind.20. What are you looking for in a new position At LabCorp?I've been honing my skills At LabCorp for a few years now and, first and foremost, I'm looking for a position where I can continue to exercise those skills. Ideally the same things that this position has to offer. Be specific.21. What motivates you at the work place?Keep your answer simple, direct and positive. Some good answers may be the ability to achieve, recognition or challenging assignments.22. Can you describe your ideal boss/supervisor?During the interview At LabCorp process employers will want to find out how you respond to supervision. They want to know whether you have any problems with authority, If you can work well as part of a group (see previous question) and if you take instructions well etc.Never ever ever, criticize a past supervisor or boss. This is a red flag for airlines and your prospective employer will likely assume you are a difficult employee, unable to work in a team or take intruction and side with your former employer.23. Why are you leaving last job?Although this would seem like a simple question, it can easily become tricky. You shouldn't mention salary being a factor at this point At LabCorp. If you're currently employed, your response can focus on developing and expanding your career and even yourself. If you're current employer is downsizing, remain positive and brief. If your employer fired you, prepare a solid reason. Under no circumstance should you discuss any drama or negativity, always remain positive.24. What motivates you?I've always been motivated by the challenge – in my last role, I was responsible for training our new recruits and having a 100% success rate in passing scores. I know that this job is very fast-paced and I'm more than up for the challenge. In fact, I thrive on it.25. Tell me about a time when you had to use your presentation skills to influence someone's opinion At LabCorp?Example stories could be a class project, an internal meeting presentation, or a customer facing presentation.Download Interview PDF 26. How do you handle conflicts with people you supervise?At first place, you try to avoid conflicts if you can. But once it happens and there's no way to avoid it, you try to understand the point of view of the other person and find the solution good for everyone. But you always keep the authority of your position.27. Why should I hire you At LabCorp?To close the deal on a job offer, you MUST be prepared with a concise summary of the top reasons to choose you. Even if your interviewer doesn't ask one of these question in so many words, you should have an answer prepared and be looking for ways to communicate your top reasons throughout the interview process.28. How have you shown yourself to be a leader?Think about a time where you've rallied a group of people around a cause / idea / initiative and successfully implemented it. It could be a small or large project but the key is you want to demonstrate how you were able to lead others to work for a common cause.29. How do you deal with conflict in the workplace At LabCorp?When people work together, conflict is often unavoidable because of differences in work goals and personal styles. Follow these guidelines for handling conflict in the workplace.☛ 1. Talk with the other person.☛ 2. Focus on behavior and events, not on personalities.☛ 3. Listen carefully.☛ 4. Identify points of agreement and disagreement.☛ 5. Prioritize the areas of conflict.☛ 6. Develop a plan to work on each conflict.☛ 7. Follow through on your plan.☛ 8. Build on your success.30. What have you done to reduce costs, increase revenue, or save time?Even if your only experience is an internship, you have likely created or streamlined a process that has contributed to the earning potential or efficiency of the practice. Choose at least one suitable example and explain how you got the idea, how you implemented the plan, and the benefits to the practice.31. How do you feel about giving back to the community?Describe your charitable activities to showcase that community work is important to you. If you haven't done one yet, go to www.globalguideline.com - charitable work is a great way to learn about other people and it's an important part of society - GET INVOLVED!32. What can you tell me about team work as part of the job At LabCorp?There is usually a team of staff nurses working in cooperation with each other. A team of nurses has to get along well and coordinate their actions, usually by dividing their responsibilities into sectors or specific activities. They help each other perform tasks requiring more than one person.33. What is your perception of taking on risk?You answer depends on the type of company you're interviewing for. If it's a start up, you need to be much more open to taking on risk. If it's a more established company, calculated risks to increase / improve the business or minimal risks would typically be more in line.34. How would your former employer describe you?In all likelihood, the interviewer will actually speak with your former employer so honesty is key. Answer as confidently and positively as possible and list all of the positive things your past employer would recognize about you. Do not make the mistake of simply saying you are responsible, organized, and dependable. Instead, include traits that are directly related to your work as a medical assistant, such as the ability to handle stressful situations and difficult patients, the way you kept meticulous records, and more.35. Describe your academic achievements?Think of a time where you really stood out and shined within college. It could be a leadership role in a project, it could be your great grades that demonstrate your intelligence and discipline, it could be the fact that you double majored. Where have you shined?36. What do you consider to be your weaknesses?What your interviewer is really trying to do with this question-beyond identifying any major red flags-is to gauge your self-awareness and honesty. So, “I can't meet a deadline to save my life At LabCorp” is not an option-but neither is “Nothing! I'm perfect!” Strike a balance by thinking of something that you struggle with but that you're working to improve. For example, maybe you've never been strong at public speaking, but you've recently volunteered to run meetings to help you be more comfortable when addressing a crowd.37. What do you feel you deserve to be paid?Do your research before answering this question - first, consider what the market average is for this job. You can find that by searching on Google (title followed by salary) and globalguideline.com and other websites. Then, consider this - based on your work experience and previous results, are you above average, if yes, by what % increase from your pay today from your perspective? Also - make sure if you aim high you can back it up with facts and your previous results so that you can make a strong case.38. Did you get on well with your last manager?A dreaded question for many! When answering this question never give a negative answer. “I did not get on with my manager” or “The management did not run the business well” will show you in a negative light and reduce your chance of a job offer. Answer the question positively, emphasizing that you have been looking for a career progression. Start by telling the interviewer what you gained from your last job At LabCorp39. Do you have the ability to articulate a vision and to get others involved to carry it out?If yes, then share an example of how you've done so at work or college. If not, then discuss how you would do so. Example: "I would first understand the goals of the staff members and then I would align those to the goals of the project / company. Then I would articulate the vision of that alignment and ask them to participate. From there, we would delegate tasks among the team and then follow up on a date and time to ensure follow through on the tasks. Lastly, we would review the results together."40. What differentiates this company from other competitors?Be positive and nice about their competitors but also discuss how they are better than them and why they are the best choice for the customer. For example: "Company XYZ has a good product, but I truly believe your company has a 3-5 year vision for your customer that aligns to their business needs."Download Interview PDF 41. Tell me an occasion when you needed to persuade someone to do something?Interpersonal relationships are a very important part of being a successful care assistant. This question is seeking a solid example of how you have used powers of persuasion to achieve a positive outcome in a professional task or situation. The answer should include specific details.42. What is your greatest strength? How does it help you At LabCorp?One of my greatest strengths, and that I am a diligent worker... I care about the work getting done.. I am always willing to help others in the team.. Being patient helps me not jump to conclusions... Patience helps me stay calm when I have to work under pressure.. Being a diligent worker.. It ensures that the team has the same goals in accomplishing certain things.43. Explain me about a challenge or conflict you've faced at work At LabCorp, and how you dealt with it?In asking this interview question, your interviewer wants to get a sense of how you will respond to conflict. Anyone can seem nice and pleasant in a job interview, but what will happen if you're hired?. Again, you'll want to use the S-T-A-R method, being sure to focus on how you handled the situation professionally and productively, and ideally closing with a happy ending, like how you came to a resolution or compromise.44. Why are you interested in this type of job At LabCorp?You're looking for someone who enjoys working with the elderly, or a caring, sociable, and nurturing person.45. What is the most important lesson / skill you've learned from school?Think of lessons learned in extra curricular activities, in clubs, in classes that had a profound impact on your personal development. For example, I had to lead a team of 5 people on a school project and learned to get people with drastically different personalities to work together as a team to achieve our objective.46. What is it about this position At LabCorp that attracts you the most?Use your knowledge of the job description to demonstrate how you are a suitable match for the role.47. How important is a positive attitude to you?Incredibly important. I believe a positive attitude is the foundation of being successful - it's contagious in the workplace, with our customers, and ultimately it's the difference maker.48. Why should we select you not others?Here you need to give strong reasons to your interviewer to select you not others. Sell yourself to your interviewer in interview in every possible best way. You may say like I think I am really qualified for the position. I am a hard worker and a fast learner, and though I may not have all of the qualifications that you need, I know I can learn the job and do it well.”49. If you were an animal, which one would you want to be?Seemingly random personality-test type questions like these come up in interviews generally because hiring managers want to see how you can think on your feet. There's no wrong answer here, but you'll immediately gain bonus points if your answer helps you share your strengths or personality or connect with the hiring manager. Pro tip: Come up with a stalling tactic to buy yourself some thinking time, such as saying, “Now, that is a great question. I think I would have to say… ”50. What is your biggest regret to date and why?Describe honestly the regretful action / situation you were in but then discuss how you proactively fixed / improved it and how that helped you to improve as a person/worker.51. Describe to me the position At LabCorp you're applying for?This is a “homework” question, too, but it also gives some clues as to the perspective the person brings to the table. The best preparation you can do is to read the job description and repeat it to yourself in your own words so that you can do this smoothly at the interview.52. What was the most important task you ever had?There are two common answers to this question that do little to impress recruiters:☛ ‘I got a 2.1'☛ ‘I passed my driving test'No matter how proud you are of these achievements, they don't say anything exciting about you. When you're going for a graduate job, having a degree is hardly going to make you stand out from the crowd and neither is having a driving licence, which is a requirement of many jobs.53. How would you observe the level of motivation of your subordinates?Choosing the right metrics and comparing productivity of everyone on daily basis is a good answer, doesn't matter in which company you apply for a supervisory role.54. Do you have good computer skills?It is becoming increasingly important for medical assistants to be knowledgeable about computers. If you are a long-time computer user with experience with different software applications, mention it. It is also a good idea to mention any other computer skills you have, such as a high typing rate, website creation, and more.55. Where do you see yourself professionally five years from now At LabCorp?Demonstrate both loyalty and ambition in the answer to this question. After sharing your personal ambition, it may be a good time to ask the interviewer if your ambitions match those of the company.Download Interview PDF 56. Give me an example of an emergency situation that you faced. How did you handle it?There was a time when one of my employers faced the quitting of a manager in another country. I was asked to go fill in for him while they found a replacement and stay to train that person. I would be at least 30 days. I quickly accepted because I knew that my department couldn't function without me.57. How have you changed in the last five years?All in a nutshell. But I think I've attained a level of personal comfort in many ways and although I will change even more in the next 5-6 years I'm content with the past 6 and what has come of them.58. Explain an idea that you have had and have then implemented in practice?Often an interview guide will outline the so-called ‘STAR' approach for answering such questions; Structure the answer as a situation, task, action, and result: what the context was, what you needed to achieve, what you did, and what the outcome was as a result of your actions.59. Why should the we hire you as this position At LabCorp?This is the part where you link your skills, experience, education and your personality to the job itself. This is why you need to be utterly familiar with the job description as well as the company culture. Remember though, it's best to back them up with actual examples of say, how you are a good team player.60. What is your desired salary At LabCorp?Bad Answer: Candidates who are unable to answer the question, or give an answer that is far above market. Shows that they have not done research on the market rate, or have unreasonable expectations.Good answer: A number or range that falls within the market rate and matches their level of mastery of skills required to do the job.61. Why do you want to work At LabCorp for this organisation?Being unfamiliar with the organisation will spoil your chances with 75% of interviewers, according to one survey, so take this chance to show you have done your preparation and know the company inside and out. You will now have the chance to demonstrate that you've done your research, so reply mentioning all the positive things you have found out about the organisation and its sector etc. This means you'll have an enjoyable work environment and stability of employment etc – everything that brings out the best in you.62. Explain me about your experience working in this field At LabCorp?I am dedicated, hardworking and great team player for the common goal of the company I work with. I am fast learner and quickly adopt to fast pace and dynamic area. I am well organized, detail oriented and punctual person.63. What would your first 30, 60, or 90 days look like in this role At LabCorp?Start by explaining what you'd need to do to get ramped up. What information would you need? What parts of the company would you need to familiarize yourself with? What other employees would you want to sit down with? Next, choose a couple of areas where you think you can make meaningful contributions right away. (e.g., “I think a great starter project would be diving into your email marketing campaigns and setting up a tracking system for them.”) Sure, if you get the job, you (or your new employer) might decide there's a better starting place, but having an answer prepared will show the interviewer where you can add immediate impact-and that you're excited to get started.64. What do you think is your greatest weakness?Don't say anything that could eliminate you from consideration for the job. For instance, "I'm slow in adapting to change" is not a wise answer, since change is par for the course in most work environments. Avoid calling attention to any weakness that's one of the critical qualities the hiring manager is looking for. And don't try the old "I'm a workaholic," or "I'm a perfectionist.65. Tell me something about your family background?First, always feel proud while discussing about your family background. Just simple share the details with the things that how they influenced you to work in an airline field.66. Are you planning to continue your studies and training At LabCorp?If asked about plans for continued education, companies typically look for applicants to tie independent goals with the aims of the employer. Interviewers consistently want to see motivation to learn and improve. Continuing education shows such desires, especially when potentials display interests in academia potentially benefiting the company.Answering in terms of “I plan on continuing my studies in the technology field,” when offered a question from a technology firm makes sense. Tailor answers about continued studies specific to desired job fields. Show interest in the industry and a desire to work long-term in said industry. Keep answers short and to the point, avoiding diatribes causing candidates to appear insincere.67. Describe a typical work week for this position At LabCorp?Interviewers expect a candidate for employment to discuss what they do while they are working in detail. Before you answer, consider the position At LabCorp you are applying for and how your current or past positions relate to it. The more you can connect your past experience with the job opening, the more successful you will be at answering the questions.68. What type of work environment do you prefer?Ideally one that's similar to the environment of the company you're applying to. Be specific.69. How would you rate your communication and interpersonal skills for this job At LabCorp?These are important for support workers. But they differ from the communication skills of a CEO or a desktop support technician. Communication must be adapted to the special ways and needs of the clients. Workers must be able to not only understand and help their clients, but must project empathy and be a warm, humane presence in their lives.70. Do you have any questions for me?Good interview questions to ask interviewers at the end of the job interview include questions on the company growth or expansion, questions on personal development and training and questions on company values, staff retention and company achievements.Download Interview PDF 71. How would you motivate your team members to produce the best possible results?Trying to create competitive atmosphere, trying to motivate the team as a whole, organizing team building activities, building good relationships amongst people.72. How do you act when you encounter competition?This question is designed to see if you can rise the occasion. You want to discuss how you are the type to battle competition strongly and then you need to cite an example if possible of your past work experience where you were able to do so.73. What would you like to have accomplished by the end of your career?Think of 3 major achievements that you'd like to accomplish in your job when all is said and done - and think BIG. You want to show you expect to be a major contributor at the company. It could be creating a revolutionary new product, it could be implementing a new effective way of marketing, etc.74. What do you think we could do better or differently?This is a common one at startups. Hiring managers want to know that you not only have some background on the company, but that you're able to think critically about it and come to the table with new ideas. So, come with new ideas! What new features would you love to see? How could the company increase conversions? How could customer service be improved? You don't need to have the company's four-year strategy figured out, but do share your thoughts, and more importantly, show how your interests and expertise would lend themselves to the job.75. What features of your previous jobs have you disliked?It's easy to talk about what you liked about your job in an interview, but you need to be careful when responding to questions about the downsides of your last position. When you're asked at a job interview about what you didn't like about your previous job, try not to be too negative. You don't want the interviewer to think that you'll speak negatively about this job or the company should you eventually decide to move on after they have hired you.76. How would your friends describe you?My friends would probably say that I'm extremely persistent – I've never been afraid to keep going back until I get what I want. When I worked as a program developer, recruiting keynote speakers for a major tech conference, I got one rejection after another – this was just the nature of the job. But I really wanted the big players – so I wouldn't take no for an answer. I kept going back to them every time there was a new company on board, or some new value proposition. Eventually, many of them actually said "yes" – the program turned out to be so great that we doubled our attendees from the year before. A lot of people might have given up after the first rejection, but it's just not in my nature. If I know something is possible, I have to keep trying until I get it.77. Do you think you have enough experience At LabCorp?If you do not have the experience they need, you need to show the employer that you have the skills, qualities and knowledge that will make you equal to people with experience but not necessary the skills. It is also good to add how quick you can pick up the routine of a new job role.

Fri, 16 Jun 2023

HOW TO RESPOND TO BEHAVIORAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS?
HOW TO RESPOND TO BEHAVIORAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS?
A large part of what makes job interviews nerve-wracking is that you don’t know what you’re going to be asked. While you can’t know the exact question list before an interview, there are some common types of questions that interviewers often ask that you can prepare to answer, and one of these is behavioral interview questions.We’ll cover how to answer behavioral interview questions and give you some example questions and answers as well as explain what behavioral interview questions are and why interviewers ask them.HOW TO ANSWER BEHAVIORAL JOB INTERVIEW QUESTIONSLike with all interview questions, there is a right and a wrong answer — the issue with behavioral questions is that this answer can be much more difficult to figure out than with traditional interviews.While it is, as we said before, more difficult to game behavioral interview questions than traditional ones, there is still a chance that you can figure out how to answer a question correctly based on the way it’s asked.The interviewer isn’t trying to trick good people into giving “bad answers” — but they are trying to trick people with poor judgment into revealing themselves early on.In this vein, here are some big things to keep in mind if you find yourself in a behavioral job interview:Highlight your skills. Think about the sort of skills you need to demonstrate in order to be successful at the job you hope to do. These skills are typically more general than they are specific — things like leadership skills, the ability to work with a team, brilliant decision-making, the advanced use of an industry technique etc.When you’re constructing your answer, think about how to portray your actions in such a way that shows off those skills.Tell a story. Remember that you’re telling a story and that ultimately, how you tell that story matters most of all. Try to make your story flow as naturally as possible — don’t overload the interviewer with unnecessary details, or alternately, forget too many details for the story to make sense.They need to understand your answer in order to parse out your behavior. They can’t do that if they can’t understand the story you just told them — in addition to which, they might just find that a person who can’t tell a simple story is just too annoying to work with.Use the STAR method. If you’re really having trouble telling your story, remember that good old STAR method:Situation. Start by giving context. Briefly explain the time, place, and relevant characters in your story.Task. Next, tell the interviewer your role in the story, whether it was a task assigned to you or some initiative you took on your own.Action. Now comes the juicy stuff; let the hiring manager know what actions you took in response to the situation and your task. Interviewers are interested in how and why you did something just as much as what you did, so spell out your thought process when possible.This is where you showcase your skills, so try to think of actions that align well with the job you’re applying for.Result. Finally, explain the end result of your actions. Your focus should always be on what value you contributed to the company, not bragging about your personal accomplishments.Note that while the result should always be positive, some behavioral interview questions specifically ask about negative situations. In these cases, finish by discussing what you learned from the experience or how the project could have been improved.EXAMPLE BEHAVIORAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSEssentially, a behavioral interview means being asked a bunch of open-ended questions which all have the built-in expectation that your answer will be in the form of a story.These questions are difficult to answer correctly specifically because the so-called “correct” answers are much more likely to vary compared to traditional interview questions, whose correct answers are typically more obvious and are often implied.Behavioral interviewers are likely to ask more follow-up questions than normal, while giving less of themselves away. They want to hear you talk and react to every opportunity they give you, because the more you talk, the more you reveal about yourself and your work habits.And that’s okay. The takeaway here shouldn’t be that “the hiring manager wants to trick me into talking, so I should say as little as possible.”The real trick with this kind of question is to use the opportunities you’re given to speak very carefully — don’t waste time on details that make you look bad, for example, unless those details are necessary to show how you later improved.In addition to these general techniques interviewers might use on you, here are some common questions you might be asked during a behavioral interview:Q: Tell me about a time when you had to take a leadership role on a team project.A: As a consultant at XYZ Inc., I worked with both the product and marketing teams. When the head of the marketing team suddenly quit, I was asked to step up and manage that deparment while they looked for her replacement. We were in the midst of a big social media campaign, so I quickly called toghether the marketing team and was updated on the specifics of the project.By delegating appropriately and taking over the high-level communications with affiliates, we were able to get the project out on time and under budget. After that, my boss stopped looking for a replacement and asked if I’d like to head the marketing team full time.Q: Can you share an example of a time when you disagreed with a superior?A: In my last role at ABC Corp., my manager wanted to cut costs by outsourcing some of our projects to remote contractors. I understood that it saved money, but some of those projects were client-facing, and we hadn’t developed a robust vetting process to make sure that the contractors’ work was consistent and high-quality. I brought my concerns to him, and he understood why I was worried.He explained that cost-cutting was still important, but was willing to compromise by keeping some important projects in-house. Additionally, he accepted my suggestion of using a system of checks to ensure quality and rapidly remove contractors who weren’t performing as well. Ultimately, costs were cut by over 15% and the quality of those projects didn’t suffer as a result.Q: Tell me about a time when you had to work under pressure.A: My job as lead editor for The Daily Scratch was always fast-paced, but when we upgraded our software and printing hardware nearly simultaneously, the pressure got turned up to 11. I was assigned with training staff on the new software in addition to my normal responsibilities. When we were unable to print over a long weekend while the new printing hardware was being set up, I wrote and recorded a full tutorial that answered the most frequently asked questions I’d been receiving over the previous week.With a staff of 20 writers, this really cut down on the need for one-on-one conversations and tutorials. While management was worried we wouldn’t be able to have the writers working at full capacity the following week, the tutorial was so effective that everyone got right on track without skipping a beat.Q: Can you describe a time when you had to motivate an employee?A: When I was the sales manager at Nice Company, we had a big hiring push that added six sales reps to my team in a matter of weeks. One worker in that bunch was working a sales job for the first time ever, and she had an aversion to cold calls. While her email correspondence had fantastic results, her overall numbers were suffering because she was neglecting her call targets.I sat down with her and explained that she should try to incorporate her winning writing skills into her cold calls. I suggested following her normal process for writing an email to cold calls; research the company and target and craft a message that suits them perfectly. She jumped at the idea and starting writing scripts that day. Within a couple of weeks, she was confidently making cold calls and had above-average numbers across the board.Q: Tell me about a time you made a mistake at work.A: When I landed my first internship, I was eager to stand out by going the extra mile. I was a little too ambitious, though — I took on too many assignments and offered help to too many coworkers to possibly juggle everything. When I was late with at least one task every week, my coworkers were understandably upset with me.After that experience, I created a tracking system that took into account how long each task would realistically take. This method really helped me never make promises I couldn’t keep. After that first month, I never handed in an assignment late again.MORE BEHAVIORAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONSWhat have you done in the past to prevent a situation from becoming too stressful for you or your colleagues to handle?Tell me about a situation in which you have had to adjust to changes over which you had no control. How did you handle it?What steps do you follow to study a problem before making a decision? Why?When have you had to deal with an irate customer? What did you do? How did the situation end up?Have you ever had to “sell” an idea to your co-workers? How did you do it?When have you brought an innovative idea into your team? How was it received?Tell me about a time when you had to make a decision without all the information you needed. How did you handle it?Tell me about a professional goal that you set that you did not reach. How did it make you feel?Give an example of when you had to work with someone who was difficult to get along with. How/why was this person difficult? How did you handle it? How did the relationship progress?Tell me about a project that you planned. How did your organize and schedule the tasks? Tell me about your action plan.WHAT ARE BEHAVIORAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS?Behavioral interview questions are questions about how you’ve dealt with work situations in the past and seek to understand your character, motivations, and skills. The idea behind behavioral interview questions is that you’ll reveal how you’ll behave in the future based on your actions in the past.Unlike traditional interview questions, a hiring manager or recruiter is looking for concrete examples of various situations you’ve been in at work. As such, the best way to prepare for any and all behavioral interview questions is to have an expansive set of stories ready for your interview.A hiring manager is never going to come right out and tell you — before, during, or after the fact — whether or not your interview with them is traditional or behavioral.That’s because the difference between the two is more related to philosophy than it is necessarily technique.Often, an employer won’t even know themselves that the interview they’re conducting is behavioral rather than traditional — the deciding factors are the questions that they decide to ask, and where the interview’s focus settles on.In a nutshell, traditional interviews are focused on the future, while behavioral interviews are focused on the past.In a traditional interview, you’re asked a series of questions where you’re expected to talk about yourself and your personal qualities.Interviews in this vein tend to ask questions that are sort of psychological traps — oftentimes the facts of your answer matter less than the way you refer to and frame those facts.Moreover, if you find that you’re able to understand the underlying thing an interviewer is trying to learn about you by asking you a certain question, you might even find you’re able to game the system of the traditional interview a little bit by framing your answer in a particular way.Behavioral interviews are harder to game, because instead of asking about how you might deal with a particular situation, they focus on situations you’ve already encountered.In a behavioral interview, you probably won’t find yourself being asked about your strengths. Instead, you’ll be asked about specific problems you encountered, and you’ll have to give detailed answers about how you dealt with that problem, your thought process for coming up with your solution, and the results of implementing that solution

Fri, 16 Jun 2023

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