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IGATE (now a part of Capgemini group) is one of the leading company for Information technology. It is headquartered in Bridgewater, New Jersey, United States. IGATE is one of the world's leading provider of consulting, technology and outsourcing service with 180,000 employees in over the 40 countries. It was founded in 1996 and on April 27, 2015, it was acquired by French IT service group Capgemini.
KEY people:
The complete recruitment process goes through various rounds. Every round opens the door for the next round. Mainly the process involves three rounds. These rounds are:
Description
The very first round for IGATE recruitment process is written test. It consists of mainly two sections that are General Aptitude and English proficiency test. The complete test has 60 total numbers of questions, and there will be a negative marking of .25/wrong answer
Written test pattern:
English proficiency: 20 Questions
Quantitative aptitude: 15 Questions
Verbal Reasoning: 15 Questions
Correct Option will be
I. no rubies are pearls
II. some pearls are diamonds
I. no rubies are diamonds
II. some diamonds are pearls
I. Some plastics are bowl
II. Some bowl are plates
III. Some plates are flowers
I. some flowers are plastics.
II. Some flowers are bowl
III. No plastic is a flower.
Statement 1: Ram and Mohan working together, take 30 days to do the work
Statement 2: Ram, Shyam, and Mohan working together and finish the work in 20 days
Statement 3: Mohan is two times more efficient than Shyam
The candidates who will clear the first round will be shortlisted for the next round, i.e., Technical interview round in which candidate will be checked upon their technical skills. This interview round includes the question on the basis of different technologies such as C/ C++, JAVA etc. There will be no specific time limit and it totally depends on candidate knowledge. There is a list of some most asked technical interview questions in IGATE recruitment process, given with the most suitable answer.
A computer cannot understand the human language, so we need a different type of language to communicate with the computer. There are various types of languages which a computer can understand and work accordingly so, there are two types of languages:
Low-level language and high-level language.
The main differences between both the languages are given below:
Low-level language | High-level language |
---|---|
Low-level languages are machine dependent languages that means we cannot execute it on other platform. | High-level languages are machine independent languages that mean we can execute it any platform (Mac, Windows, and Linux). |
Low-level languages are more machine-readable. | High-level languages are more human-readable. |
It is difficult to write and compile a low-level language. | It is easy to write and compile a high-level language as compared to low-level language |
It is difficult to find errors and debug a program in a low-level language. | Finding an error and debugging is easy in a high-level language. |
Low-level languages are written in binary form, so these are faster than other languages. | High-level languages are written in some human readable instruction which needs to convert to binary form so these are slower than |
Example of low-level language is machine language. | low-level languages Example of high-level language is C++, Java etc. |
Interface in Java is a way to achieve the abstraction. An Interface is like a class and also can have methods and variable as a class does but Interface only contains method signature and does not have a body.
Syntax:
To create an interface in Java, we can use the keyword "interface" followed by the interface name.
Example
We can implement an interface in a class by using keyword "implement" and can use abstract methods.
An immutable class is one in which once an object is created, then we cannot alter the values, or we cannot change its content. As in Java, we have wrapper classes like String, Boolean, Integer, etc., all these classes are immutable classes, and we can also create an immutable class by own.
Following are some requirement to create an immutable class in Java:
String class is immutable in Java that means we are unable to change its value. It is because a String object is always cached in the String pool, and these pools can be shared between various clients. So there will always a risk that if we change in client's string it will automatically affect all the client's action. So every time when we try to change the String value, it will create a new object
We cannot inherit the constructor in the class. If we try to inherit a parent class constructor to the child class, then it will give the compile-time error because Constructor name should be same as the class name and constructor inheritance is against the constraint of Constructor.
Example:
Output:
Error message: prog.java:10: error: invalid method declaration; return type required ConstructInheritance(){
Static keyword in Java can be used primarily for memory organization. A static member in Java class always belongs to its class, not an instance. A static keyword can be used with:
To create a static member, we need to declare it as static. The instance of a static member created only once, and it is shared across all the objects. A static member can be accessed before its object is created.
Output:
the value of i in static block=1 the value of i in static block=2 the value of i in static block=3 the value of i in static block=4 the value of i in static block=5 This is static mehtod
The term encapsulation, Inheritance, and abstraction are the features of object-oriented programming. These features provide the facility to deal with the objects.
Encapsulation: Encapsulation is one of the primary features of OOPs concept. The process of binding the data and methods in a single unit is called as encapsulation.
With the help of encapsulation, we can hide the data members from other classes, and it is only accessible by its current class.
There are two ways to achieve encapsulation:
Inheritance: - Inheritance in Java is a process by which on class can inherit the properties (methods and fields) of another class. It increases the reusability of methods and fields. We can use inherited methods and also can add new methods. Inheritance shows parent-child relationship also known as IS-A relationship.
There are the following terms used in inheritance:
Child class/Subclass: Child class or sub-class is one who inherits the other class.
Superclass/ Parent class: Superclass or Parent class is on which got inherited by another class. It is also known as base class. For inheriting one class, into another class we use extends keyword in Java.
Syntax for inheritance:
Where class A is child class, and class B is Parent class.
Abstraction: Abstraction is a one of the important Feature of OOPs concept, which helps a user to show only the functionality not the implementation details of the object. In Java languages we can achieve abstraction in two ways:
Syntax:
Syntax:
Normalization is a technique of efficient database designing and organizing to achieve two basic requirements:
Normalization increases the performance of the database, as it allows a database to take very less space in memory.
There are mainly four types of Normalization, which are given below:
Yes, we can check that a given link-list is circular or not. A link-list will be a circular link-list if it follows the two main requirements:
The itoa() function in C language used to convert an integer value to its equivalent null-terminated String. It stores the result in an array.
Syntax:
Parameters:
value: A value which needs to be converted
str: A parameter which stores the converted value as an array
base: It represents the numerical value, which is used to give the conversion base, as base 2 for binary, base 10 for decimal.
The size of a class depends on the size of its members. There are the following factors which determine the size of a class:
In UML (Unified Modeling Language) there are various types of relationships for the object-oriented system. Association and Aggregation are also a type of relationship in UML.
Aggregation: Aggregation is a specific type of association between two or more objects. In Aggregation, objects can have their lifecycle with ownership. It is a one-directional association. If we destroy one object, it will not affect another one. It is also called as HAS-A relationship.
Association: Association is a relation between two objects with their own lifetime and without any ownership. An association relationship can be represented by the following type:
The aggregation and composition are the part of the association.
Differences between constructor and destructor are given below:
CONSTRUCTOR | DESTRUCTOR |
---|---|
A Constructor is used to initializing the object of that class | Destructor is used to destroy the previously created object of the class |
Constructor name is always the same as class name with no any return type. | Destructor name also same as the class name without any return type, but with ~ (tilde) prefix. |
Constructor overloading is possible in a class | Destructor does not allow overloading (it can only be specified once in a class). |
Syntax:class EmployeeCons{ EmployeeCons(){ } }; | Syntax:class EmployeeDestr{ ~EmployeeDestr(){ } }; |
Constructor allocates the memory while creating an object | Destructor release the memory while destroying an object. |
The C pre-processor is used to scan and modify a source code before its compilation. The line starting with the symbol # followed by the directive name, in the source code, is known as pre-processor directive. Pre-processor directive invoked by the compiler to process some code before the compilation process.
Header files are the files which contain macro definitions and functions definition. It used with pre-processor directives with a file extension of ".h." There are two types of header files in C:
Following are some mainly used header files in C
There are some built-in DBMS packages provided by Oracle. With the help of Oracle DBMS packages, we can create various Oracle applications.
Following are some basic packages provided by Oracle:
A computer can only understand the code written in binary form, i.e., in the form of 0's and 1's, Therefore, to communicate with the computer we need to convert our code (source code) into machine code. And the compiler and interpreter both are the computer programs which convert a programming language from source code to machine code. The main differences between both of the translator are given below:
Compiler | Interpreter |
---|---|
A compiler is a software program that converts a high-level language source code into a low-level language machine code | The interpreter is a software program that is used to directly execute a source code written in a high-level programming language |
It creates an intermediate source code. | It does not create any intermediate code. |
A Compiler converts the source code completely at a time | Interpreter converts the source code line by line at a time. |
A compiler converts source code in one go, hence these are faster. | As interpreter converts a source code line-by-line, hence these are slower as compare to the compiler. |
Finding an error is difficult. | Finding an error is easy. |
Used for the languages C, C++, C#, Scala, etc. | Used for languages Java, PHP, Perl, Python, etc. |
Organization of data in the computer can be done with the help of data structure so that data can be accessed easily and efficiently. There are different types of data structure used in computer, and two of them are Stack and Queue data Structure.
Stack: A stack is a type of linear-data structure, which logically represents and arrange the data in the form of a stack. As a real-life example of a stack is "plates arranged in the form of the stack." In a stack structure, any operation can be performed on data items from one end only.
A Stack structure follows a particular order for operation on data items, and that order can be LIFO (Last in First Out) or FILO (First in Last Out). A stack can be represented in the form of an array.
Types of Operations performed on Stack:
1. Push: Push is an operation that can be performed, to add an element in the stack.
As in the above diagram, the top element was 93 (before addition of a new element), and after performing PUSH operation, a top element is 10. Now pointer will point at the top of the stack.
2. Pop: If we try to remove or delete an element from the Stack, then it is called as Pop operation.
As in the above diagram, if we want to delete an element from the top of the Stack, then it can be done by the Pop operation.
3. isEmpty: If we wanted to check whether the stack is empty or not, then we can perform an isEmpty operation. It will return three values: If we will perform a Pop operation on empty Stack, then it is called underflow condition.
Empty | -1 |
Single element present | 0 |
Stack is full | N-1 |
Stack overflow | N |
4. Peek or Top: If we perform Peek operation it checks all the elements of the stack and returns the top element.
Queue: A Queue is an ordered collection of data elements same as a stack, but it enables insertion operation from one end called as REAR end and deletion operation from other end called as a FRONT end.
A Queue structure follows an order of FIFO (First in First Out) for insertion and deletion of the data element.
Real life example of a queue is people waiting to buy a movie ticket in a line.
Types of Operations performed on Stack: The two main operations which can be performed
On Stack are Enqueue and Dequeue.
Enqueue:
This operation is performed to add an element in the queue at the rear end. After adding an element in a queue, the count of Rear pointer increased by 1. Below is the Array representation of queue with Enqueue operation.
Dequeue:
This operation is performed to remove an element from the queue at the front end. After removing an element from the queue, the count of Front pointer gets decremented by 1. Below is the diagram which shows the removal of the data element from a queue.
Other operations performed on the queue are:
Peek: This operation is used to get all the data elements of queue without deletion of an element, at the front end.
Isfull: This operation is performed to check whether a queue is full or not.
Isempty: This operation is performed to check whether a queue is empty or not.
Function fprintf(): In C language this function is used to write the character, integer, and String values into a single file.
Syntax:
Example:
Output:
12 rollno student present
Function fscanf(): In C language fscanf() function is used to read set of characters or mixed data from the file.
Applications of the Linked list:
C and C++ both are the computer programming languages. Both the languages enable us to write efficient code. As C++ is an advanced version of C language, therefore it has some extra features than C languages. The main advantages of C++ over the C language are given below:
The smallest package in Java API is java. applet package.
Searching is the process of finding the value or place of a data element in a given list. A searching technique will be successful if the data element are found else it will be unsuccessful. There are primarily two types of standard searching techniques, which are:
Linear search: Linear search technique is the easiest way of searching an element. We can perform a linear search operation in both sorted and unsorted list (usually an array list). To understand the linear search, let's take an example of an array list of 8 elements
Example:
The Basic algorithm for linear search:
Implementation of linear search using Java program:
Output:
90 is found at index: 6
Drawback:
To overcome these disadvantages, we can implement the Binary search.
Following is a program for swapping two strings without using the third variable in Java
Output:
Before swap: Hello world After swap: world Hello
Data abstraction:
Data abstraction is a technique to hide the irrelevant internal details of data from the user. It makes an easier user interaction with the database. This technique creates an easier way of database designing.
There are three levels of data abstraction:
1. Physical level
2. Logical level
3. View level
Following is a program for factorial of a number using Recursion in Java.
Output:
Factorial of 5 is: 120
Methods for daemon thread:
A foreign key is a field in a table, used to create a link between two tables. It defined in one table but refer to the primary key of another table. A table which contains the foreign key is called the child table. And the table which includes the candidate key is called as parent table.
Some important points for foreign key:
The basic difference between the ArrayList and LinkedList are given below:
ArrayList | LinkedList |
---|---|
ArrayList implements dynamic array to store the elements | LinkedList implements doubly linked list to store the elements |
Insertion of the new element is difficult due to the risk of resizing | Insertion of the new element is easy as compared to ArrayList |
Removal of the data element is difficult | Removal of the data element is easy |
ArrayList is fast in accessing and storing the data elements | LinkedList is fast in the manipulation of data elements. |
List | List |
Whenever we create an object, it occupies some space in memory. And once it completes its task, we need to delete this object to free the memory, so that it can be used by another object. For this purpose, we have used garbage collection in Java.
In the Java language, we can use two types of variables that are static variable and non-static variable. The main differences between both the variables are given below:
Static Variable | Non- static Variable(instance variable) |
---|---|
To specify a static variable we need to use keyword static with the variable name | To specify a non-static variable we do not need to use any keyword, we can simply give a variable name |
Static variable belongs to its class, not the instance | Non-static variable belongs to the instance of the class. |
Memory is allocated to the static variable, at the time of loading of the class | Memory is allocated to non-static variable whenever we create a new object. |
We can access the static variable with class reference | We can access the non-static variable with an object reference |
A static variable can be shared between all the instances of class | A non-static variable can be used for a single instance. |
Scope resolution operator in C++ used for the following purpose:
The symbol for scope resolution operator is,: : used in C++.
Output:
Local variable: 10 Global variable: 5
The class and object are the main features of OOP concept. The primary differences between the object and class are given below:
Object | Class |
---|---|
An Object is a physical entity. | A Class is a logical entity. |
An object is defined as an instance of its class | Class is the template for an object. |
An object can be created using the new Keyword | A class can be created using the class keyword. |
An object occupies memory when it is created. | A class does not consume any memory when it is created. |
An object can be created many times according to requirement. | A class can be created only once. |
In the .NET framework, the Types are of either Value type or reference type depending on, how they stored the value.
1. Value type: if the data-type stores the value into its own memory space, it is called as a Value type. In value type, we can directly provide the values to the variable. Datatypes such as int, char, float, double, enum, struct, etc., are of value type.
2. Reference type: Reference type does not store value directly in the variable. It stores a pointer to another memory location, which stores the data. As reference type stores the address of the data, not actual data, so if we change in an address it will create another copy for the reference which will point to the same data. Example are objects, array, Classes, Interfaces, etc.
A tree and a graph both are the non-linear data structure, which consists of nodes and edges. The main differences between both tree and graph are given below:
Graph | Tree |
---|---|
In a graph, more than one path is allowed | In a tree only one path is allowed between two nodes. |
In a graph, there is no any root node | It contains one root node |
A graph represents a network model | A tree represents a hierarchal structure. |
In a graph, there is no any pre-defined number of edges. | In a tree, the number of edges should be n-1(where n= no of nodes) |
The Interface and Abstract class both are the way to achieve abstraction In Java. But there are some differences between both of the ways:
Interface | Abstract class |
---|---|
An Interface can only have abstract methods(methods without body) | An abstract class can have abstract and non-abstract, both type of methods, |
For the declaration of an interface, we use the keyword "interface." | For the declaration of an abstract class, we use "abstract" keyword. |
The Interface supports the multiple inheritance | Abstract class does not support multiple inheritances. |
An Interface can be implemented in a class using keyword "implements" | An abstract class can be used in other class using the keyword, "extends." |
Interface methods are implicitly public and abstract. Hence we cannot use other modifiers | In abstract class we can different types of modifiers such as public, private, protected as well as abstract. |
HR round is the final round of recruitment process. This is also the most crucial round as you will be going to represent yourself as personal and as well as professional level. In this round, the questions will be based on your resume, Job profile, about the company, about yourself, etc. HR round is mainly to check your confidence and communication skills. So here are some mostly asked HR questions with most appropriate answer, which will prepare you completely to crack this Interview.
This question would be the first most question for HR round, by which the interviewer wanted to check your confidence level with fluency and, how well you can explain about yourself. To answer this question here are some basic tips:
Example:
Hi/hello sir, my name is Riya, and I am from Chandigarh, I have completed my B.Tech from Chandigarh University in Electronics and communication with 75% aggregate. I am skilled in Java and C/C++. I did my academic project, which was based on the technology of AI. If I talk about my hobbies, so I am very passionate about writing poems and new thoughts. My strength is my confidence. With this, I can handle any situation. My goal of life is to become a well-known name in the field of information technology. Thank you!
This is the question, which hiring managers want to have a better understanding about your work experience. To answer to this question will depend upon whether you have any prior experience or not.
If having an experience:
Yes, I do have an experience of 1 year as a software tester in ABC Company. In this position, I was responsible for testing the software and generating the best output. During this one year experience, I have learned lots of things in Software testing and also got awarded as the most dedicated employee of the company.
If you are Fresher:
Currently, I do not have any prior experience as I am just graduated and seeking an opportunity.
This is the question where the hiring manager checks about your preferences of money in your decision making. So answer this question is a little bit tricky as money and career have both its importance. Here is an example, that how to answer such type of question.
Example:
Yes, money is important for me, as it is helpful to fulfil my personal needs of life. But on the other hand, career is also more important for me which will provide me the success and will open the door of the growth path and various opportunities.
Example:
My inspiration for life is my father, as for me he is a superhero who can stand in any situation and can fight with it without any fear. I am very inspired by his motivation, his leadership quality, his dedication and many more. He has faced many lousy situations in his life but never give up, and always remain happy. I wanted to be like my father.
This is the most common question of an interview. By this question, the interviewer evaluates your interest and check that how much career oriented you are, which relates to that organization. To answer this question make sure that your long-term goal and the short-term goal should relate to each other.
Example:
My short-term goal is to learn practically about the technologies, and my long-term goal is to be the best employee of this well-established organization.
By answering this question, you should tell your actual strength by which you can make yourself different from others, and try to relate it with your job profile. For answering about weakness, you should not tell your negative things as I got tired very quickly. It can impact badly.
Example:
My greatest strength is that I am very confident, which enables me to deal with any type of situation and my weakness is that I got very emotional sometimes.
By this question, the interviewer wants to check whether you know anything about the company or not. So before going for an interview, you should know about the company profile, company services, and product, etc.
By answering this question, the candidate should not ask about whether a company will pay for it, or never answer in a negative way.
Example:
I would be happy to relocate for an excellent opportunity for my career growth, and I believe this company is that opportunity.
By this question, the interviewer wants to know that how much you are engaged in interviews and how much serious you are about getting a job. The answer for this question should be short and not be overconfident if you have other offers.
Example: If you have some opportunity
Yes, I although have job offers from two companies but I would love to work with this organization, as it is my dream company.
Example: If you have not applied yet
Currently, I have not applied for other jobs, but I have prepared to apply for another job in this field.
The answer to this question should never be in a negative way, as in every organization there might be various projects where employees need to work in a team.
Example:
As I am a team player so, I would love to work with the team. It will make a great environment to do work for me.
This question is generally asked at the end of the interview session, or this might be the last question. By this question, the interviewer gives you an opportunity to ask a question, if you are having any doubt related to job profile, growth path, etc. By asking a good question, a candidate can make a good impression which can help him for further steps.
This question is also a tricky question by which interviewer wants to know about your relation to the person who is already working in their company. So before answering this question, you should go through the following tips:
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